| 青藏高原多灾种自然灾害综合风险管理 |
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| 引用本文： | 王世金,魏彦强,牛春华,张云飞.青藏高原多灾种自然灾害综合风险管理[J].冰川冻土,2021,43(6):1848-1860. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王世金 魏彦强 牛春华 张云飞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/玉龙雪山冰冻圈与可持续发展野外科学观测研究站，甘肃 兰州 730000;2.中国科学院大学 资源环境学院，北京 100049;3.兰州大学 管理学院，甘肃 兰州 730000;4.兰州新区消防救援支队，甘肃 兰州 730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金项目“基于公众风险感知动态监测的应急响应信息沟通研究”(17BTQ056);国家社会科学基金项目“青藏高原多灾种自然灾害综合风险评估及其管理研究”(14BGL137) |
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| 摘 要： | 青藏高原是中国自然灾害多发、频发重点区域，区内地震、滑坡泥石流、冰湖溃决、雪灾等灾种广泛发育，其灾害分布较广，灾损及其影响巨大，已成为高原经济社会可持续、健康发展的一个重要制约因素。高原自然灾害风险等级具有明显的空间异质性。整体上，地震、滑坡泥石流、冰湖溃决灾害高危区位于高原南部和东部边缘大片区域，该区域也是高原多灾种频发地带，许多路网和管网均处于该频发地段，其潜在危害巨大。青藏高原地形地貌复杂、气候变化空间异质性较强、冰冻圈发育，交通等基础设施广布，经济条件较差，这些因素形成了多灾种自然灾害发育的主要致灾因子和孕灾环境。高原受多致灾因子共同影响，各灾种承灾体多有重叠之处，亟须加强多灾种自然灾害综合管控研究。综合风险管控主导思路是决策者利用多灾种成灾机理研究结果，通过工程和非工程措施，以及各部门联防联控理念，全过程防范、减缓或规避自然灾害综合风险。具体综合风险管控策略如实时监测/观测、信息共享、部委会商、群测群防、防灾教育培训、保险承担、灾前规划。
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| 关 键 词： | 青藏高原 多灾种 自然灾害 风险管理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-10-13 |
Comprehensive risk management of multiple natural disasters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
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| Shijin WANG,Yanqiang WEI,Chunhua NIU,Yunfei ZHANG.Comprehensive risk management of multiple natural disasters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2021,43(6):1848-1860. |
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| Authors: | Shijin WANG Yanqiang WEI Chunhua NIU Yunfei ZHANG |
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| Institution: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences / Yulong Snow Mountain Cryosphere and Sustainable Development Field Science Observation and Research Station，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China;2.College of Resources and Environment，University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China;3.School of Management，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730000，China;4.Fire and Rescue Detachment of Lanzhou New Area，Lanzhou 730000，China |
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| Abstract: | The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP） is a key region with diverse and frequent natural disasters in China. Earthquakes， landslides， mud-rock flows， glacial lake outburst， and snow disasters are widely developed in the region， which have a wide distribution of disasters and huge damage and impact， and have become an important constraint to the sustainable and healthy development of the plateau’s economy and society. The risk levels of natural disasters on the QTP have obvious spatial heterogeneity. The high-risk areas for earthquakes， landslides， mudslides， and glacial lake outbursts generally located in a large area on the southern and eastern edge of the QTP as a whole， which is also the area where multiple disasters occur frequently. Many road networks and pipe networks are located in this area， which has great potential hazards. The QTP has complex topography and landforms， strong spatial heterogeneity of climate change， developed cryosphere， extensive transportation and other infrastructures， and poor economic conditions. These factors have formed the main hazard factors and disaster-generating environment for the development of multi-natural disasters. The QTP is affected by multiple disaster-causing factors， and the multi-disaster-bearing bodies overlap. It is urgent to strengthen the comprehensive management and control of multi-natural disaster risks. The dominant idea of comprehensive risk control is that decision makers use the research results of multiple disasters mechanisms to prevent， mitigate or avoid comprehensive risks of multi-natural disasters through engineering and non-engineering measures with the help of the concept of joint prevention and control of various departments. Specific comprehensive risk management and control strategies include real-time monitoring/observation， information sharing， multi-ministerial consultation， mass observation and mass preparedness， education and training of disaster prevention， disaster insurance， and pre-disaster planning. |
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| Keywords: | Qinghai-Tibet Plateau multiple natural disasters natural disasters risk management |
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