| 1961 - 2017年中国东北地区降雪时空演变特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 周晓宇,赵春雨,崔妍,刘鸣彦,敖雪,李娜,李经纬.1961 - 2017年中国东北地区降雪时空演变特征分析[J].冰川冻土,2020,42(3):766-779. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周晓宇 赵春雨 崔妍 刘鸣彦 敖雪 李娜 李经纬 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.沈阳区域气候中心，辽宁 沈阳 110166;2.山西省气象台，山西 太原 030006 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201841);辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目(20180551217) |
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| 摘 要： | 利用东北地区162个气象台站逐日降水量和天气现象数据， 采用统计分析方法， 对近57年（1961 - 2017年）降雪的气候特征和时空演变规律进行了分析。结果表明： 降雪量和降雪日数最多出现在12月， 小雪和中雪最多出现在11月或12月， 大雪和暴雪在冬末春初出现概率最高。降雪分布为山地大于平原， 平原地区自北向南、 自东向西减少， 降雪高值区主要位于大兴安岭北部、 小兴安岭和长白山区， 降雪强度中心位于长白山区和辽宁中部平原地区。年、 秋季、 冬季、 春季降雪量占同期降水量比例分别为4.7%、 7.0%、 84.4%和7.6%； 辽宁省西部山区和南部大连地区日最大降雪量占年总降雪量比例最高， 最长连续降雪日数在2 d以下， 降雪较高纬度地区更为集中。近57年降雪量和降雪强度分别以1.93 mm?（10a）-1和0.11 mm?d-1?（10a）-1的速率显著增加， 降雪日数以2.08 d?（10a）-1速率显著减少； 降雪量增加主要表现为各等级降雪量的增加， 降雪日数减少主要是微量和小雪日数的减少， 降雪强度增加主要为大雪和暴雪降雪强度的增加。年、 秋季和冬季降雪量占同期降水量比例平均每10年增加0.36%、 0.48%和0.45%， 春季以0.11%?（10a）-1的速率减少。中雪、 大雪和暴雪对降雪贡献率均呈增加趋势， 小雪降雪量和微量降雪日数贡献率减少； 1987年降雪量和降雪日数突变后， 微量降雪日数和暴雪日数、 小雪降雪量贡献率改变显著。就区域平均而言， 2001 - 2017年的降雪量较1961 - 1980年增加了27.8%， 降雪日数减少了22.4%。
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| 关 键 词： | 东北地区 降雪 不同等级降雪 时空变化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-07-29 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-06-02 |
Analyzing the characteristics of temporal and spatial evolution of snowfall in Northeast China from 1961 to 2017 |
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| Xiaoyu ZHOU,Chunyu ZHAO,Yan CUI,Mingyan LIU,Xue AO,Na LI,Jingwei LI.Analyzing the characteristics of temporal and spatial evolution of snowfall in Northeast China from 1961 to 2017[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2020,42(3):766-779. |
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| Authors: | Xiaoyu ZHOU Chunyu ZHAO Yan CUI Mingyan LIU Xue AO Na LI Jingwei LI |
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| Institution: | 1.Regional Climate Center of Shenyang，Shenyang 110166，China;2.Shanxi Meteorological Observatory，Taiyuan 030006，China |
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| Abstract: | Based on daily precipitation record and record of weather phenomena from 162 meteorological stations in Northeast China， climatic characteristics and temporal and spatial variation of snowfall from 1961 to 2017 were analyzed using statistical analysis methods. The results show that the snowfall and snowfall days were the maximum in December， the light snow and moderate snow were in November or December， the heavy snow and snowstorm had the highest probability of occurrence in late winter and early spring. The snowfall was larger in mountainous areas than in plain， and in plain snowfall had been decreased from north to south and from east to west， the high snowfall area had mainly located in the northern part of the Great Hinggan Mountains， the Xiao Hinggan Mountains and the Changbai Mountains， and the snowfall intensity center had been located in the Changbai Mountains and the plain areas of central Liaoning Province. The annual， autumn， winter and spring snowfalls had been accounted for 4.7%， 7.0%， 84.4% and 7.6% of the precipitation in the same period， respectively； the daily maximum snowfall had been accounted for the highest proportion of total annual snowfall in western mountainous areas and southern Dalian areas of the province； the longest continuous snowfall days were less than 2 days. In the 57 years， the snowfall and the snowfall intensity had increased significantly with the rates of 1.93 mm?（10a）-1 and 0.11 mm?d-1?（10a）-1， and the snowfall days had decreased significantly at the rate of 2.08 d?（10a）-1； the increase of snowfall had been mainly due to the increase of snowfall at all levels； the decrease of snowfall days had been mainly due to the decrease of traces and light snowfall days； the increase of snowfall intensity had been mainly due to the heavy snow and snowstorm intensity. The annual， autumn and winter snowfall as a percentage of precipitation in the same period had increased by 0.36%， 0.48% and 0.45% per decade， while spring snowfall had decreased by 0.11% per decade. The contribution rate of medium snow， heavy snow and snowstorm to snowfall had increased， and the contribution rate of light snowfall and traces snowfall days had decreased. After a mutation of snowfall and snowfall days in 1987， the contribution rate of traces snowfall days， snowstorm days and light snowfall had changed significantly. On the regional average， the amount of snowfall in 2001 - 2017 had increased by 27.8% as compared with that in 1961 - 1980， and the snowfall days had decreased by 22.4%. |
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| Keywords: | Northeast China snowfall different levels of snowfall temporal and spatial variation of snowfall |
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