| 可可西里卓乃湖溃决后湖区环境变化及盐湖可能的溃决方式 |
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| 引用本文： | 谢昌卫,张钰鑫,刘文惠,吴吉春,杨贵前,王武,刘广岳.可可西里卓乃湖溃决后湖区环境变化及盐湖可能的溃决方式[J].冰川冻土,2020,42(4):1344-1352. |
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| 作者姓名： | 谢昌卫 张钰鑫 刘文惠 吴吉春 杨贵前 王武 刘广岳 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室 青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站，甘肃 兰州 730000;2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | “美丽中国”生态文明建设科技工程专项(XDA23060703);国家自然科学基金项目(41671068) |
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| 摘 要： | 2011年9月卓乃湖溃决后引发的区域沙漠化灾害现象对区域生态环境已经造成了一定影响。同时下游的盐湖在接收洪水后水位持续上涨， 对青藏公路工程走廊内管线工程运行安全造成了重大的威胁。本文根据野外考察资料对卓乃湖的溃决过程和溃决后的影响进行了简要分析， 并对下游盐湖可能的溃决方式进行了分析。卓乃湖的溃决是由于湖区降水增多导致湖水外溢， 冲垮湖堤造成的。卓乃湖溃决后出露湖底成为沙尘暴的策源地， 出露湖底和周边草场形成了大面积的沙漠化区域。随着卓乃湖湖水不断排出， 洪水对出水口和下游河道进行着持续的冲蚀作用， 一方面导致湖底出露面积进一步扩大， 湖区沙漠化现象加剧， 另一方面导致下游河道侵蚀加深加宽， 对区域地形破坏进一步加强。对比卓乃湖区地形条件和水平衡特征， 盐湖的溃决方式将与卓乃湖类似， 洪水对下游的破坏作用要大于库赛湖区和海丁诺尔湖区。由于盐湖每年可排出的水量大于卓乃湖区， 当盐湖溃决后， 后期洪水对河道的冲蚀作用要大于卓乃湖区。
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| 关 键 词： | 湖泊溃决 沙漠化 冻土 溃决方式 卓乃湖 盐湖 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-09-18 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-10-10 |
Environmental changes caused by the outburst of Zonag Lake and the possible outburst mode of Yanhu Lake in the Hoh Xil region |
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| Changwei XIE,Yuxin ZHANG,Wenhui LIU,Jichun WU,Guiqian YANG,Wu WANG,Guangyue LIU.Environmental changes caused by the outburst of Zonag Lake and the possible outburst mode of Yanhu Lake in the Hoh Xil region[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2020,42(4):1344-1352. |
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| Authors: | Changwei XIE Yuxin ZHANG Wenhui LIU Jichun WU Guiqian YANG Wu WANG Guangyue LIU |
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| Institution: | 1.Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau，State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China |
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| Abstract: | The lake area of Zonag Lake has shrunk quickly after its outburst in September， 2011， which results in large area desertification disaster and has a major impact on the regional ecological environment. At the same time， the water level of Yanhu Lake has increased quickly after receiving the flood， which threats the safety of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway Engineering Corridor. Based on the field investigation data， this paper suggest that the outburst of Zonag Lake was caused by the overflow of the lake water. After the lakebed was partly exposed， the naked lakebed became the source of sandstorms. The lake bottom and the surrounding grassland formed a large area of desertification. As the water of Zonag Lake was continuously discharged in recent years， the exposed area of the lakebed has been further expanded， the desertification phenomenon in the lake area has been intensified， and the downstream river channel erosion has been deepened and widened. Comparing the topographical conditions and water balance characteristics in the regions of Zonag Lake and Yanhu Lake， this paper suggest that the possible outburst mode of Yanhu Lake will be similar to that of Zonag Lake. Because the Yanhu Lake discharge more water per year than the Zonag Lake did， when the Yanhu Lake is broken， the erosion effect of the flood on the river channel will be greater than that in the Zonag Lake region. |
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| Keywords: | lake outburst desertification permafrost outburst mode Zonag Lake Yanhu Lake |
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