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| 新疆阿尔泰山区克兰河上游水文过程对气候变暖的响应 | |
| 引用本文： | 沈永平,王国亚,苏宏超,韩萍,高前兆,王顺德.新疆阿尔泰山区克兰河上游水文过程对气候变暖的响应[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(6):845-854. |
| 作者姓名： | 沈永平 王国亚 苏宏超 韩萍 高前兆 王顺德 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院,寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃,兰州,730000 2. 新疆,水文水资源局,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830000 3. 阿克苏,水文水资源勘测局,新疆,阿克苏,843000 |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411507)，国家自然科学基金项目(40771047)，中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-127)资助 |
| 摘 要： | 额尔齐斯河支流克兰河上游发源于西风带水汽影响的阿尔泰山南坡,主要由融雪径流补给,年内积雪融水可占年径流量的45%.年最大月径流一般出现在6月份,融雪季节4~6月径流量占65%.流域自20世纪60年代开始明显升温,年平均温度从50年代的1.4℃上升到90年代的5.2℃;年降水总量也呈增加趋势,尤其是冬季和初春增加最多.随着气候变暖,河流年内水文过程发生了很大的变化,主要表现在最大月径流由6月提前到5月,月径流总量增加约15%,4~6月融雪径流量也由占年流量的60%增加到近70%.在多年变化趋势上,气温上升主要发生在冬季,降水也以冬季增加明显,而夏季降水呈下降趋势;水文过程主要表现在5月径流呈增加趋势,而6月径流为下降趋势;夏季径流减少而春季径流增加明显.冬春季积雪增加和气温上升,导致融雪洪水增多且洪峰流量增大,使洪水灾害破坏性加大.近些年来气候变暖引起的年内水文过程变化,已经对河流下游的城市供水和农牧业生产产生了影响. |
| 关 键 词： | 气候变化 径流响应 融雪补给 克兰河 阿尔泰山 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-0240（2007）06-0845-10 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-10-15 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-11-20 |
Hydrological Processes Responding to Climate Warming in the Upper Reaches of Kelan River Basin with Snow-dominated of the Altay Mountains Region, Xinjiang, China |
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| SHEN Yong-ping,WANG Guo-ya,SU Hong-chao,HAN Ping,GAO Qian-zhao,WANG Shun-de.Hydrological Processes Responding to Climate Warming in the Upper Reaches of Kelan River Basin with Snow-dominated of the Altay Mountains Region, Xinjiang, China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(6):845-854. | |
| Authors: | SHEN Yong-ping WANG Guo-ya SU Hong-chao HAN Ping GAO Qian-zhao WANG Shun-de |
| Abstract: | Kelan River is a branch of the Ertix River,originated from the Altay Mountains in Xinjiang,China.The Kelan River basin upstream located in the southern slope of the Altay Mountains,and rises in small glacial erosion lakes at an elevation of more than 2500 m and forms a part of the Ertix River system.The total area of the study basin is about 1655km2and elevation varies from about 988 to 3800 m.Almost 95% of the basin area is covered with snow during winters.The westerly weather disturbances deposit nearly all the precipitation in the form of snow during the winter months in the upper part and middle part of the basin.That annual flow of the basin is about 382 mm,in which about 45% contribution derived is from the melting of snow.The mean annual rainfall in the basin is about 620 mm.The distribution of rainfall indicates that mostly rainfall is concentrated in the upper and middle parts of the basin.Increasing precipitation changes with elevation as the formulate P(mm)= 28H(m)-8.3.Recent global climate analysis has indicated that the climate change is likely to change streamflow volume,as well as the temporal distribution throughout the year over Asian region,imposing significant stress on the water resources in the region.An examination of the possible effects of climate change in the design and management of water resources systems was suggested.The Kelan river system is expected to be much vulnerable to climate change because of substantial contribution from snow.During winter,a large extent of mountainous area of Altay river basins is covered by snow.The response of hydrological system in this region could alter significantly due to climate change.It is understood that the global warming and its impact on the hydrological cycle and the nature of hydrological events would pose an additional threat to the Altay region.Possible impacts of climatic changes on various aspects of hydrological cycle are not much studied.Kelan River is a typical snow-dominated watershed,have more area at higher elevation and accumulate snow during the winter,the peak flow occurs during the late spring or early summer as the snow melts.Streamflow varies strongly throughout the year as a result of seasonal cycles of precipitation,snowpack,temperature,and groundwater.Changes in the temperature and precipitation will affect the timing and volume of streamflow.River fed by high elevation sources,is considered snowmelt-dominate,the watershed experiences low flow in winter,peak flow during the spring and early summer as snowpack melts,and low flows during the late summer.The streamflow of the Kelan River consists of contributions from melting of snow and ice,and rainfall-induced runoff.Snow cover in mountain regions provides critical water supplies,serving nearly one-sixth of the global population with freshwater for domestic,agricultural and industrial uses.As climate warming,Kelan river hydrology process undergone great changes,and demonstrated in the largest monthly runoff in June moved up to May,the streamflow of the largest runoff month have also an increase of about 15%,April-June runoff as the snowmelt season from the flow of the 60 percent to nearly 70 percent the annual runoff.For the long-term change trend,the temperature rose mainly in the winter,winter precipitation has also increased significantly,and the downward trend in summer rainfall;hydrological process is manifested in May runoff showed an increasing trend,and June runoff for the downward trend;summer runoff to reduce and spring runoff increasing markedly.Warming and the increase in winter and spring snow cover,leading to increased melting snow from causing floods and the largest flood peak flow increased,destructive intensify.Climate and hydrological process caused by the change will changes in the urban water supply along the river and have an impact on agricultural and livestock production. |
| Keywords: | climate change streamflow responding snowmelt Kelan River Altay Mountains |
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