Identification and mapping of chromium (VI) plume in groundwater for remediation: A case study at Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh |
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| Authors: | R K Singh B Sengupta Rameshwar Bali B P Shukla V V S Gurunadharao Rajesh Srivatstava |
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| Institution: | (1) Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, Delhi, India;(2) Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India;(3) National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR), Hyderabad, India;(4) Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India |
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| Abstract: | With only twenty five percent population living in urban areas, India has cities amongst the biggest in the world. Urban growth
in most of Indian cities is concomitant with rise in water demand for community, as well as, for industrial purposes. The
complex situation resulting from indiscriminate disposal of waste and its severe impact on groundwater quality is set for
continuous worsening mainly for want of sustained effort aimed at site-specific remediation.
The study, a prerequisite for actual remediation in an industrial city of Kanpur, India, envisages detailed investigation
about pollutant transport, evaluation of concept of Bio-remediation and a range of other options and finally full scale implementation
of the best suited. Drilling of piezometers and resistivity survey indicates that the area is constituted of alluvial sands,
gravels and their various admixtures. Chemical analysis of water samples collected from piezometers and hand pumps shows the
presence of hexavalent chromium rich horizons at various depths. The alarming concentration of this carcinogenic heavy metal
of the order of 16.3 mg/l against the permissible concentration (of 0.05 mg/l) for drinking water and high concentration within
sediments of the area poses a major threat to the entire ecosystem. The projection of migration contaminant plume of hexavalent
chromium as depicted in the paper is indicative of a concentrated extent of core zone existing in shallow alluvial aquifer,
which may be targeted for interception by remedial measures.
The present work, elaborating on the source, potential and monitoring the migration of the pollutant plume is the first field
scale study of its kind in the country. The findings of these studies are of strong relevance in addressing the ground water
pollution due to indiscriminate disposal practices of hazardous waste in areas located within the alluvial zones. |
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| Keywords: | Groundwater Hexavalent chromium Pollutant transport Kanpur Uttar Pradesh |
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