Regional landslide-hazard assessment for Seattle, Washington, USA |
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Authors: | Rex L Baum Jeffery A Coe Jonathan W Godt Edwin L Harp Mark E Reid William Z Savage William H Schulz Dianne L Brien Alan F Chleborad Jonathan P McKenna John A Michael |
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Institution: | (1) U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 25046, M.S. 966, Denver, CO 80225, USA;(2) U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, M.S. 910, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA |
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Abstract: | Landslides are a widespread, frequent, and costly hazard in Seattle and the Puget Sound area of Washington State, USA. Shallow
earth slides triggered by heavy rainfall are the most common type of landslide in the area; many transform into debris flows
and cause significant property damage or disrupt transportation. Large rotational and translational slides, though less common,
also cause serious property damage. The hundreds of landslides that occurred during the winters of 1995–96 and 1996–97 stimulated
renewed interest by Puget Sound communities in identifying landslide-prone areas and taking actions to reduce future landslide
losses. Informal partnerships between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the City of Seattle, and private consultants are
focusing on the problem of identifying and mapping areas of landslide hazard as well as characterizing temporal aspects of
the hazard. We have developed GIS-based methods to map the probability of landslide occurrence as well as empirical rainfall
thresholds and physically based methods to forecast times of landslide occurrence. Our methods for mapping landslide hazard
zones began with field studies and physically based models to assess relative slope stability, including the effects of material
properties, seasonal groundwater levels, and rainfall infiltration. We have analyzed the correlation between historic landslide
occurrence and relative slope stability to map the degree of landslide hazard. The City of Seattle is using results of the
USGS studies in storm preparedness planning for emergency access and response, planning for development or redevelopment of
hillsides, and municipal facility planning and prioritization. Methods we have developed could be applied elsewhere to suit
local needs and available data. |
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Keywords: | Landslide susceptibility Rainfall thresholds LIDAR Landslide Probability Deterministic Landslide Modeling |
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