| 喀斯特石漠化--中国西南最严重的生态地质环境问题 |
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| 引用本文： | 王世杰.喀斯特石漠化--中国西南最严重的生态地质环境问题[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(2):120-126. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王世杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院,地球化学研究所,环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550002 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金重点项目(49833002)与国家"九五"攻关项目(96-920-04-02-02)联合资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 作为最严重的环境地质问题,日益扩展的土地石漠化,正在吞噬着中国西南喀斯特地区民众的生存空间,已经构成灾害和贫困之源。喀斯特石漠化是土地荒漠化的主要类型之一,是人类不合理经济活动叠加于脆弱生态地质环境背景上的综合作用结果。它以脆弱的生态地质环境为基础,以强烈的人类活动为驱动力,以土地生产力退化为本质,以出现类似荒漠景观为标志。中国西南脆弱的喀斯特生态环境是经过漫长的地质历史演化而形成的,它对喀斯特石漠化具有明显的控制作用。构造运动塑造了陡峻而破碎的喀斯特地貌格局,古环境演化奠定了石漠化的物质基础。喀斯特地区的人口压力及不合理的人类活动,导致土地资源的严重退化、植被覆盖度锐减、水土流失加剧和生态环境严重恶化,超载的社会经济压力是导致喀斯特土地石漠化最重要的驱动力。尽管喀斯特石漠化综合治理非常艰巨,但仍具备恢复或重建生态环境的可能性。
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| 关 键 词： | 喀斯特地区 石漠化 中国 西南地区 生态环境 社会－经济－环境影响 生态保护 人类活动 土地生产力 水土流失 |
| 文章编号： | 1007-2802(2003)02-0120-07 |
| 修稿时间： | 2003年3月10日 |
The Most Serious Eco-geologically environmental Problem in Southwestern China - Karst Rocky Desertification |
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| Abstract: | As the most serious eco-geologically environmental problem, daily expanding karst rocky desertification is engorging living space and becomes the root of disaster and poverty in southwest China. Karst rocky desertification is one of the major types of land desertification and resulted from the comprehensive action due to the overprint of irrational anthropological activities on the karst fragile eco-geo-environment background, with the fragile eco-geo-environment as its development base, frequent anthropological activity as its driving forces, degeneration of land productivity as its essence, appearance of desert-like landscape as its mark. The fragile ecologic environment in southwestern China was formed through long-time geological evolution and has obvious constraints on karst rocky desertification. Tectonic movements created a steep and ruptured special karst geomorphological framework, providing potential energy as driving forces for soil erosion. The evolution of palaeo-environment laid down widespread material basis of carbonate rocks for karst rocky desertification. Population pressure and irrational anthropological activities in the karst areas led to the serious degeneration of land resources, the drastic decrease of vegetation coverage, the deterioration of water loss and soil erosion and the serious deterioration of the ecological environment. Moreover, the overloaded social and economic pressure is the most important driving force for karst rocky desertification. Although the comprehensive taming of karst rock desertification is a hard net to crack, it is possible to restore or rehabilitate the eco-environment in karst rocky desertification-afflicted areas. |
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| Keywords: | karst rocky desertification formation background socio-eco-environmental impact ecological prevention and rehabilitation southwestern China |
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