| 铂族元素的地球化学行为及全球主要铂族金属矿床类型 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 苏尚国,沈存利,邓晋福,汤中立,耿科.铂族元素的地球化学行为及全球主要铂族金属矿床类型[J].现代地质,2007,21(2):361-370. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 苏尚国 沈存利 邓晋福 汤中立 耿科 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1中国地质大学 地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室，北京100083；2内蒙古自治区 区域地质调查研究院，
内蒙古 呼和浩特010020；3长安大学 国土资源学院，陕西 西安710054 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金;高等学校学科创新引智计划;国土资源部国土资源大调查项目 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 全球铂族金属矿床主要有6种类型，分别为：（1）镁铁质-超镁铁质层状岩体铂族金属矿床；（2）镁铁质-超镁铁质Cu-Ni硫化物矿床伴生的铂族金属矿床；（3）Urals杂岩体型铂族金属矿床；（4）蛇绿岩型铂族金属矿床；（5）与热液相关的铂族金属矿床；(6）外生型铂族金属矿床。除第4类型外其他类型的铂族矿床都具有经济意义。铂族金属矿床的形成主要与幔源岩浆性质及岩浆演化过程密切相关。大规模的幔源岩浆活动及在岩浆演化过程中具有产生硫饱和的条件是形成铂族金属矿床的有利条件，同时岩浆期后的热液作用能使铂族元素迁移并在特定条件下富集，对铂族金属矿床的形成有利。镁铁质-超镁铁质层状侵入体形成铂族金属矿床的有利条件是岩浆分异作用强，并且具有能产生高R因子的环境；镁铁质-超镁铁质Cu-Ni硫化物矿床中形成铂族金属矿床的有利条件是硫化物熔体的结晶分异作用；Urals型杂岩体中，由于岩浆在早期演化过程中硫的不饱和，形成的主要铂族矿物为Pt-Fe、Pt-Ir合金，且主要与铬铁矿共生，在岩浆演化硫饱和阶段可形成富Pd的铂族矿物，且与Cu-Fe-V-Ti-P金属共生；蛇绿岩型杂岩体中，主要形成的铂族矿物为含Ir- 、Os- 、Pt- 的合金或少量硫化物矿物，且主要赋存于铬铁矿中。
|
| 关 键 词： | 铂族元素 地球化学行为 铂族金属矿床类型 Urals杂岩体 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-8527（2007）02-0361-10 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-01-08 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-01-082007-03-19 |
Geochemistry Behavior of Platinum Group Elements (PGE) and Main Types of PGE Deposits in the World |
| |
| SU Shang-guo,SHEN Cun-li,DENG Jin-fu,TANG Zhong-li,GENG Ke.Geochemistry Behavior of Platinum Group Elements (PGE) and Main Types of PGE Deposits in the World[J].Geoscience——Journal of Graduate School,China University of Geosciences,2007,21(2):361-370. |
| |
| Authors: | SU Shang-guo SHEN Cun-li DENG Jin-fu TANG Zhong-li GENG Ke |
| |
| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing100083, China；;
2. Geological Survey Institute of Inner Mongolia，Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia010020, China;
3. College of Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710054,China |
| |
| Abstract: | Platinum group elements(PGE) deposits in the world can be divided into six types:(1)those associated with mafic-ultramafic layered intrusions;(2)those hosted in Cu-Ni sulfide deposits;(3)those associated with Urals complexes;(4)those associated with ophiolites;(5)those related to hydrothermal activity and(6)Placer PGE deposits.Except for the fourth type,all other types are economic.The genesis of PGE deposits are chiefly related to the nature of mantle-derived magmas and the processes of magmatic evolution.Large scale activities of mantle-derived magma and sulfur-saturation in the magmatic evolution processes provide favour conditions for the generation of PGE deposits.The magmatism-related hydrothermal fluid can cause PGE transport and deposit under some special environments,thus sometimes it is good for the formation of PGE deposits.The good conditions for PGE concentrations are that the magmas are well differentiated,and that there is a condition for a high R factor in the mafic-ultramafic layered intrusions.The crystal differentiation of sulfide melt provides a good condition for the formation of PGE deposits for Cu-Ni sulfide deposits.For the PGE deposits associated Urals complexes,the platinum group metals(PGM) of Pt-Fe and Pt-Ir alloys formed because of sulfur-undersaturation in the early stage of magmatism,and they are mainly associated with chromitites.In contrast,Pd-rich PGM formed in the later stage of magmatism,and they are associated with Cu-Fe-V-Ti-P metals.In the ophiolite complexes,the major PGMs are Ir-,Os-,Pt alloys,and minor sulfides,and most of them are hosted in chromitites. |
| |
| Keywords: | platinum group elements geochemistry behavior types of PGE deposits Urals complex |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 维普 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《现代地质》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《现代地质》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
