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华北地台中元古代碳酸盐岩中的微生物成因构造及其生烃潜力
引用本文:史晓颖,张传恒,蒋干清,刘娟,王议,刘典波.华北地台中元古代碳酸盐岩中的微生物成因构造及其生烃潜力[J].现代地质,2008,22(5).
作者姓名:史晓颖  张传恒  蒋干清  刘娟  王议  刘典波
作者单位:1. 中国地质大学,地球科学与资源学院,北京,100083;中国地质大学,地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京,100083
2. 中国地质大学,地球科学与资源学院,北京,100083
3. 美国内华达州立大学,地球科学系,拉斯维加斯,NV,89154-4010
基金项目:中国石油化工集团公司资助项目,国家自然科学基金创新团队项目教育部创新群体项目
摘    要:华北地台中元古界主要由环潮坪石英砂岩、浅海碳酸盐岩和浅海—泻湖相暗色页岩3种沉积相组合构成,以陆表海浅水碳酸盐岩占主导。碳酸盐岩中除含有丰富的微古植物、宏观藻类和微生物建隆外,还发育大量的微生物成因构造(MISS)和微生物诱发的碳酸盐沉淀(MMCP)。微生物席和MISS构造在高于庄组上部(约1.6 Ga)和雾迷山组下部(约1.45 Ga)碳酸盐岩中尤为发育,表明活跃的微生物活动和高有机质产量。在石化微生物席中,发现有丝状、球状细菌化石和草莓状黄铁矿;围岩中发现有针状文石、花瓣状重晶石、放射状菱铁矿、铁白云石和葡萄状碳酸盐胶结物等多种自生碳酸盐矿物,指示甲烷厌氧氧化(AOM)导致的自生碳酸盐沉淀。中元古代的温暖气候和海洋分层、缺氧、硫化条件有利于微生物的高生产量和高有机质埋藏率。气隆构造和核形石状碳酸盐结核反映浅埋藏条件下活跃的成烷作用和甲烷排放,围岩和MMCP中富沥青质。华北地台中元古界富微生物席碳酸盐岩有良好的生烃潜力,有可能形成重要的烃源岩。据微生物席、MISS构造及MMCP的研究,初步估算华北地台中元古代碳酸盐岩的概略生烃潜力约为10×108t石油当量。

关 键 词:中元古代碳酸盐岩  微生物成因构造(MISS)  微生物席  甲烷厌氧氧化(AOM)  生烃潜力  华北地台

Microbial Mats from the Mesoproterozoic Carbonates of the North China Platform and Their Potential for Hydrocarbon-Generation
SHI Xiao-ying,ZHANG Chuan-heng,JIANG Gan-qing,LIU Juan,WANG Yi,LIU Dian-bo.Microbial Mats from the Mesoproterozoic Carbonates of the North China Platform and Their Potential for Hydrocarbon-Generation[J].Geoscience——Journal of Graduate School,China University of Geosciences,2008,22(5).
Authors:SHI Xiao-ying  ZHANG Chuan-heng  JIANG Gan-qing  LIU Juan  WANG Yi  LIU Dian-bo
Abstract:The well-preserved Mesoproterozoic succession in the North China Platform consists mainly of three lithological associations including peritidal quartz sandstone,shallow marine and lagoonal dark to black shales,and shallow epeiric carbonates,with a total thickness of up to 8,000 m.In addition to well-documented micro-plants,macro-algae and microbial build-ups,abundant microbially induced sedimentary structures(MISS) and mat-related sediments have been recognized in these rocks.Intensive microbial mat layers and MISS are especially well preserved in carbonates of the upper Gaoyuzhaung(ca 1.6 Ga) and lower Wumishan(ca 1.45 Ga) formations,indicating diversified microbial activities and a high organic production.In these petrified biomats,putative microbial fossils(both coccoidal and filamentous) and framboidal pyrites have been identified.The abundance of authigenic carbonate minerals in the host rocks,such as acicular aragonites,rosette barites,radial siderites,ankerites and botryoidal carbonate cements,suggests authigenic carbonate precipitation from anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM) under anoxic/euxinic conditions.Warm climate and anoxic/euxinic conditions in the Mesoproterozoic oceans may have facilitated high microbial productivity and organic burial in sediments.While authigenic carbonate cements may record carbonate precipitation from anaerobic methane oxidation,gas blister(or dome) structures and oncolite-like concretions may indicate gas release from active methanogenesis during shallow burial.Bituminous fragments in mat-related carbonates also provide evidence for hydrocarbon generation.Under proper conditions,the Mesoproterozoic mat-rich carbonates would have the potential for hydrocarbon generation and serve as source rocks.On the basis of petrified biomats,a rough estimation suggests that the Mesoproterozoic carbonates of the North China Platform might have a hydrocarbon production potential in the order of 10×108 tons.
Keywords:Mesoproterozoic carbonates  microbially induced sedimentary structures  microbial mats  anaerobic oxidation of methane  hydrocarbon-generation potential  North China Platform
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