Harmonic hierarchy of mantle and lithospheric convective cycles: Time series analysis of hafnium isotopes of zircon |
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| Institution: | 1. Earth Dynamics Research Group, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;2. Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Sigwartstr. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;3. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China;4. St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W, Canada;1. Geological Survey of Norway, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;2. NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK;3. Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1028, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway;1. School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610051, China;3. Earth Dynamics Research Group, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems, The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;4. John de Laeter Centre/School of Earth and Planetary Sciences/The Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;5. Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Hidden Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Development of New Materials in Guangxi, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China;6. State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;7. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;8. Centre for Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;1. Department of Research and Cooperation, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, 8th khoroo, Baga toiruu 34, Sukhbaatar district, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia;2. Department of Earth Sciences and Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan;3. Department of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Faculty of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-0005, Japan;4. Department of Chemistry, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan;5. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China;2. College of Geoscience, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China;3. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of the Ministry of Education, School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China;4. Energy & Geoscience Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;5. Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China;6. Centre for Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India;7. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;8. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 50005, Australia;9. Earth Dynamics Research Group, TIGeR (The Institute of Geoscience Research), Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia;10. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;11. Department of Computer Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83843, USA;1. Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, Prague, 118 21, Czech Republic;2. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic;3. Institute of Geology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, Prague, 165 00, Czech Republic;4. Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic;5. Laboratories of the Geological Institutes, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague, 128 43, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | Hafnium isotopes of zircon represent a well-dated proxy for the evolution of magmatic systems through Earth history. Time series analysis on the hafnium isotopes of zircon reveals a hierarchy of statistically significant periodic signals spanning multiple orders of magnitude (106–109 year cycles). We attribute the hierarchy of cyclicity to organizing mechanisms of mantle and lithospheric convection at various time scales, ranging from short-term cycles in magmatism and subduction to long-term cycles related to oceans, supercontinents, and superoceans. A ∼600-Myr supercontinent cycle is the strongest signal in the global hafnium database and the phase relationship implies elevated mantle-derived magmatism during supercontinent tenure and elevated crustal reworking during plate reorganization, as expected. A half-supercontinent cycle (Wilson cycle) and a double-supercontinent cycle (superocean cycle) are also present, harmonic with the supercontinent cycle, and related to each other by amplitude modulation. Analysis of local magmatic systems of the circum-Pacific subduction girdle surrounding Pangaea reveal similar significant and harmonic cycles of ∼6 and ∼20 Myr attributed to magmatic cycles and ∼60, ∼120, and ∼240 Myr attributed to subduction cycles. All subduction systems reveal a prevalent ∼60 Myr cycle attributed to an upper mantle convective cycle that has two phase relationships, suggesting that advancing and retreating arc systems can be identified with time series analysis. The harmonic hierarchy of geodynamic cycles identified herein controlled by mantle convection on long time scales and lithospheric convection on short time scales arguably completes the picture of cyclicity in the Earth system, complimenting well-known orbital, oceanic, and astronomical cycles. |
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