The paleotectonic and paleogeography reconstructions of the Tarim Basin and its adjacent areas (NW China) during the late Early and Middle Paleozoic |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;2. Exploration and Production Research Institute of SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China;1. Laboratory of Isotope Thermochronology, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;2. National Key Laboratory of Continental Structure and Dynamics, Beijing 100037, China;3. John De Laeter Center for Isotope Research, Applied Geology/Applied Physics, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6945, Australia;1. Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;2. Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qngdao 266061, China;3. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;4. UCD School of Earth Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland |
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| Abstract: | Tarim Basin is the large, very complex, oil-bearing basin in China, surrounded by the Tianshan–Beishan, West Kunlun and Altyn Tagh mountain belts to the north, south, and southeast, respectively. Understanding the processes and evolution of this complex superimposed basin, especially with respect to the effects of single tectonic movements, is a difficult challenge, which concerns the tectonic and dynamic interrelationships between the basin and the orogenic belts during the different stages of the Paleozoic in the Paleo-Asian and Tethyan tectonic systems and for the evaluation of the resource potentials in Tarim Basin. In this study, we focused on 3-dimensional, basin-scale structural architecture and the properties of two regional unconformities that occur within the basin and its adjacent areas. Here, we outline the structural deformations underlying the unconformity, the structural architecture styles and the distributions of the unconformity, and the stratigraphic sequence and nature of the sedimentary rocks immediately overlying the unconformity. During the late Early and Middle Paleozoic tectonic movements, disconformities developed mainly in the northern and the central parts of the basin, and angular unconformities which beneath layers were monocline and faulted-fold deformations developed in the southern, or the southern and northern parts of the basin, respectively. Before the Silurian, the Low Hotian Uplift, the NE-trending faulted-folded belts of the Tangguzibas Depression and the southern Tazhong Uplift underwent intense deformation related to SE–NW-directed tectonic compression. In addition, the NE-trending faults in the Tangguzibas Depression developed during periods of activity on the South Altyn Tagh Fault. The structural deformation, as well as the depositional facies, formed in response to the subduction and closure of the South Altun Ocean and West Kunlun–Kudi Ocean, and the resulting collisional orogeny. Prior to deposition of Upper Devonian sediments, structural deformation and erosion occurred in two marginal parts of the basin. The extent and intensity of deformation on the NE-trending faults in the Tangguzibas Depression were also reduced, whereas the NE-trending folds developed in the Manjiaer Depression. The Tabei Uplift experienced uplift and deformation. The closure of the North Altun Ocean and the eastern part of the South Tianshan Ocean with south-subduction may be the main driving forces for the tectonic activity. Extensive areas in the northern and southern margins of the basin were uplifted and denudated by orogenic activity as a prelude to the molasse basin that developed in the early Late Devonian in the northeastern and southeastern parts of the basin. The structural architecture of the unconformities reveals the geometry and dynamics of the basin–orogen system in single tectonic movements. |
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