| 地面GPS探测大气的最新进展 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 王小亚,丁金才.地面GPS探测大气的最新进展[J].地球科学进展,1997,12(6):519-527. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 王小亚 丁金才 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 中国科学院上海天文台，上海气象局 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 综述了利用地面ＧＰＳ站探测大气的技术，包括基本原理，方法，应用，最新进展和结果的介绍以及存在于该技术的误差源的讨论。从地面ＧＰＳ站的观测和表面气象参数可得出天顶湿延迟的估计，再由它和可降水汽量之间的转换关系就可得出ＰＷＶ估计。这种方法求得的ＰＷＶ时间序列不仅能提高天气预报的准确度而且有助于气候变化的研究和数值天气预报模型的改进，这就是新兴学科ＧＰＳ气象学形成的基础。
|
| 关 键 词： | 大气探测 GPS 可降水汽量 |
THE LATEST ADVANCE IN MONITORING ATMOSPHERE BY GROUND BASED GPS |
| |
| WANG Xiaoya,ZHU Wenyao,YAN Haojian.THE LATEST ADVANCE IN MONITORING ATMOSPHERE BY GROUND BASED GPS[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,1997,12(6):519-527. |
| |
| Authors: | WANG Xiaoya ZHU Wenyao YAN Haojian |
| |
| Institution: | 1.Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030;
2.Shanghai Meteorological Bureau,Shanghai 200030 |
| |
| Abstract: | This paper provides an overview of applications of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to the active measurement of the Earth’s atmosphere. Microwave radio signals transmitted by GPS satellites are delayed by the atmosphere as they propagate to ground based GPS receivers. The zenith wet delay caused by water vapor can be transformed into an estimation of the precipitable water vapor. This transformation is achieved by multiplying the zenith wet delay by a factor whose magnitude is a function of certain constants related to the refractivity of moist air and of the weighted mean temperature of the atmosphere. Some experiments done by atmospheric scientists have showed that the GPS determined PWV by ground based GPS observation can not only significantly improve weather forecasting accuracies and numerical weather prediction models, but also contribute to the study of climate change because it represents the total latent heat available in the column from the vapor. Increased spatial and temporal resolution of PWV was proved useful in monitoring the moisture flux convergence along a dryline and the decrease in integrate water vapor associated with the passage of a midtropospheric cold front,both of which triggered severe weather over the area during the course of the experiment. So a new subject,GPS meteorology, comes into being. With the rapid growth in regional or global networks of permernant operating ground based GPS receivers, an opportunity exists to observe the distribution of water vapor with increased spatial and temporal coverage, which could prove valuable in a range of operational and research applications in the regional or global climate and short range numerical weather prediction. In this paper, we introduce the theory and the precious tests of monitoring atmosphere by ground based GPS in detail. Moreover, we present the latest development and results in this domain, such as “CLAM” and so on. We also present the situation of the development and future schemes of GPS Meteorology in Japan. With increasing of the size and scope of permanent arrays of continuously operating GPS receivers, GPS based system will soon rival the current worldwide network of approximately 600 Radiosonde launch sites. Finally, authors suggest GPS Meteorology in China need to be desired in the future. |
| |
| Keywords: | GPS technique Atmospheric delay Zenith wet delay Precipitable water vapor |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 维普 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《地球科学进展》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《地球科学进展》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
