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| 黑河流域生态—水文过程综合遥感观测联合试验总体设计 | |
| 引用本文： | 李新,刘绍民,马明国,肖青,柳钦火,晋锐,车涛,王维真,祁元,李弘毅,朱高峰,郭建文,冉有华,闻建光,王树果.黑河流域生态—水文过程综合遥感观测联合试验总体设计[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):481-498. |
| 作者姓名： | 李新 刘绍民 马明国 肖青 柳钦火 晋锐 车涛 王维真 祁元 李弘毅 朱高峰 郭建文 冉有华 闻建光 王树果 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州,730000 2. 北京师范大学,北京,100875 3. 中国科学院遥感应用研究所遥感科学国家重点实验室,北京,100101 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金重大研究计划“黑河流域生态一水文过程集成研究”重点项目群“黑河流域生态一水文过程综合遥感观测试验”，中国科学院西部行动计划三期项目“黑河流域生态一水文遥感产品生产算法研究与应用试验”资助.致谢:试验所依托的无线传感器网络建设得到了＂基于下一代互联网的科研信息基础设施建设和应用示范工程＂课题＂黑河流域生态水文遥感一地面观测试验与综合模拟应用示范＂和国家高技术研究发展计划重大项目＂星机地综合定量遥感系统，国家高技术研究发展计划＂全球陆表特征量产品生成与应用研究＂课题＂陆面模拟与同化系统示范研究＂( |
| 摘 要： | 介绍了"黑河流域生态—水文过程综合遥感观测联合试验"的背景、科学目标、试验组成和试验方案。试验的总体目标是显著提升对流域生态和水文过程的观测能力,建立国际领先的流域观测系统,提高遥感在流域生态—水文集成研究和水资源管理中的应用能力。由基础试验、专题试验、应用试验、产品与方法研究和信息系统组成。其中,①基础试验:搭载微波辐射计、成像光谱仪、热像仪、激光雷达等航空遥感设备,开展一系列关键生态和水文参量的观测;发展遥感正向模型及反演和估算方法。形成覆盖全流域的水文气象综合观测网,为流域生态—水文模型研究提供更有代表性的模型参数、驱动数据及更高精度的验证数据。构建无线传感器网络,度量生态水文模型所需的若干关键的驱动、参数和模型状态的空间异质性。开展航空遥感定标和地基遥感试验。依托传感器网络,并辅之以地面同步和加密观测,开展遥感产品真实性检验。②专题试验:开展"非均匀下垫面多尺度地表蒸散发观测试验",采用密集的涡动相关仪、大孔径闪烁仪与自动气象站的观测矩阵,为揭示地表蒸散发的空间异质性,实现非均匀下垫面地表蒸散发的尺度扩展,发展和验证蒸散发模型提供基础数据。③应用试验:在流域上、中、下游分别开展针对积雪和冻土水文、灌溉水平衡和作物生长、生态耗水的综合观测试验,将观测数据和遥感产品用于上游分布式水文模型、中游地表水—地下水—农作物生长耦合模型、下游生态耗水模型,通过实证研究提升遥感在流域生态—水文集成研究和水资源管理中的应用能力。加强试验将在2012年5月起按中游、上游、下游的顺序展开,全流域持续观测期为2013—2015年。在各类试验的支持下,开展全流域生态—水文关键参量遥感产品生产,发展尺度转换方法,建立多源遥感数据同化系统。 |
| 关 键 词： | 生态水文 遥感试验 流域观测系统 黑河流域 航空遥感 水文气象 无线传感器网络 真实性检验 |
HiWATER： An Integrated Remote Sensing Experiment on Hydrological and Ecological Processes in the Heihe River Basin |
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| Li Xin,Liu Shaomin,Ma Mingguo,Xiao Qing,Liu Qinhuo,Jin Rui,Che Tao,Wang Weizhen,Qi Yuan,Li Hongyi,Zhu Gaofeng,Guo Jianwen,Ran Youhua,Wen Jianguang,Wang Shuguo.HiWATER： An Integrated Remote Sensing Experiment on Hydrological and Ecological Processes in the Heihe River Basin[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2012,27(5):481-498. | |
| Authors: | Li Xin Liu Shaomin Ma Mingguo Xiao Qing Liu Qinhuo Jin Rui Che Tao Wang Weizhen Qi Yuan Li Hongyi Zhu Gaofeng Guo Jianwen Ran Youhua Wen Jianguang Wang Shuguo |
| Institution: | 1.Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, China; 2. Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 3. The State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces the background,scientific objectives,experiment components and implementation plan of the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research(HiWATER).The overall objective of HiWATER is to improve the observability of hydrological and ecological processes,to build a world-class river basin observing system,and to increase the applicability of remote sensing and other new generation observation techniques in eco-hydrological studies and water resource management at basin scale.HiWATER encompasses fundamental experiments,thematic experiments,application experiments,remote sensing methods development and products generation,and an integrated information system.(1) Fundamental experiments: ① Microwave radiometer,imaging spectrometer,thermal imaging camera,Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR) and other sensors will be used in the airborne missions to observe key eco-hydrological parameters and at the meantime to develop and improve the remote sensing models and methods for the retrieval of those variables.② To establish a comprehensive hydrometeorological observation network that will cover the entire Heihe River Basin,in order to provide more representative model parameters and forcing data,and more accurate ground truths.③ An eco-hydrological Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) will be established to capture the spatial-temporal dynamics and variations of key forcing data,eco-hydrological parameters,and model state variables over heterogeneous land surfaces.④ Airborne sensors calibration and ground-based remote sensing experiments will be conducted.Remote sensing products will be validated rest upon the WSN,in association with simultaneous in situ measurements and other intensive observations.(2) Thematic experiments: A multi-scale observation experiment on evapotranspiration will be performed over heterogeneous land surfaces.Eddy Covariance(EC) systems,Large Aperture Scintillometer(LAS),and Automatic Weather Stations(AWSs) will be intensively deployed to constitute an observing matrix to reveal the spatial heterogeneities of ET,to identify the scale effects and achieve scale transformation of ET over heterogeneous landscapes,and to provide elementary data sets for the development and validation of ET estimation models.(3) Application experiments: Purposeful observation experiments will be performed in the upstream,middle stream,and downstream of the Hiehe River Basin,aiming at snow and frozen soil hydrology,water balance in irrigation management,and quantifying plant water consumption.Observed data sets and remote sensing products will be used in distributed hydrological model,coupled surface water-groundwater-crop growth model,and ecological water consumption model towards the areas of upstream,middle stream,and downstream.It is anticipated the applicability of remote sensing in integrated eco-hydrological studies and water resource management can be enhanced by means of these empirical researches. The intensive observations and field campaigns will be orderly undertaken in the middle stream,upstream,and downstream of the Heihe River Basin from May,2012 to 2015.Dependent on various experiments,remote sensing products at basin scale for the key eco-hydrological variables will be created,scale transformation approaches will be explored,and a multi-source remote sensing data assimilation system will be eventually built. |
| Keywords: | Eco-hydrology Remote sensing experiment Watershed observing system Heihe River Basin Airborne remote sensing Hydrometeorology Wireless sensor network Validation of remote sensing products |
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