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| 中国旱灾农业承灾体脆弱性诊断与评价 | |
| 引用本文： | 王静爱,苏筠,商彦蕊,洪世奇,王志强,刘珍.中国旱灾农业承灾体脆弱性诊断与评价[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(2):161-169. |
| 作者姓名： | 王静爱 苏筠 商彦蕊 洪世奇 王志强 刘珍 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京,100875;北京师范大学区域地理研究重点实验室,北京,100875 2. 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京,100875 3. 河北师范大学资源与环境科学学院,河北,石家庄,050016 4. 北京师范大学资源学院灾害与公共安全研究所,北京,100875 5. 北京师范大学区域地理研究重点实验室,北京,100875;北京师范大学资源学院灾害与公共安全研究所,北京,100875 |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划);国家自然科学基金;教育部面向21世纪教育振兴行动计划（985计划） |
| 摘 要： | 旱灾是世界上影响面最广、造成农业损失最大的自然灾害类型，世界近一半的国家干旱严重。中国旱灾频繁，每年旱灾损失占各种自然灾害损失的15%以上，随着人口和农业的快速发展，农业承灾体脆弱性对灾情的放大也在增加。基于灾害系统理论，从致灾因子和耕地承灾体的区域组合角度，在旱灾频发高值区，选择雨养农业、灌溉农业和水田农业为主要承灾体类型，构建了农业旱灾脆弱性生产压力和生活压力，灾前—灾中易损性和灾中—灾后适应性等农业旱灾承灾体脆弱性诊断指标体系。提出脆弱性评价的区域模型，即：雨养农业的易损—适应模型（兴和）、灌溉农业的生产—生活压力模型（邢台）和水田农业的需水—灌水模型（鼎城）。基于农业承灾体脆弱性评价，提出制定适应降水变化的波动土地利用结构调整区域政策、建立农业生态—生产范式、建立“水银行”管理机制、建立用水效益和开源节流的评估体系以及加强“截水—抽水—控水”为一体的灌溉系统工程建设，提高灌溉应急能力等对策，以期为农业旱灾的防御和区域粮食安全决策提供科学依据。 |
| 关 键 词： | 脆弱性 雨养农业 灌溉农业 水田农业 可持续发展 粮食安全 旱灾 中国 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-8166（2006）02-0161-09 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005-12-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005-12-20 |
Vulnerability Identification and Assessment of Agriculture Drought Disaster in China |
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| WANG Jing-ai,SU Yun,SHANG Yan-rui,HONG Shi-qi,WANG Zhi-qiang,LIU Zhen.Vulnerability Identification and Assessment of Agriculture Drought Disaster in China[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2006,21(2):161-169. | |
| Authors: | WANG Jing-ai SU Yun SHANG Yan-rui HONG Shi-qi WANG Zhi-qiang LIU Zhen |
| Institution: | 1.College of Geography & Remote Sensing Science, BNU, Beijing 100875, China; 2.Key Laboratory of Regional Geography, BNU, Beijing 100875, China; 3.College of Resources and Environment Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China; 4.Institute of Disaster and Public Security,College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China |
| Abstract: | Based on regional combination of the hazard-formation factors and hazard-affected bodies, distributing disciplinarian of the agriculture hazard-affected bodies and the centers of drought disaster in China are found. According to the primary style of hazard-affected bodies, such as the rainfed field (Xinghe County), the irrigated field (Xingtai County) & the paddy field (Dingcheng County),this paper sets up vulnerability identification index system of agriculture drought disaster; establishes regional assessment model of agriculture drought vulnerability, such as the frangibility-adaptability model of the rainfed field, the production-living pressure model of the irrigated field and the water demand-supply model of the paddy field. Taking Xinghe County as a case, agriculture drought vulnerability assessment is also carried. The formation of hazard-affected bodies vulnerability and regional sustainable development is discussed, and some scientific advices for the defense of agriculture drought disaster and disaster mitigation are put forward. |
| Keywords: | Vulnerability Rain-fed agriculture Irrigated agriculture Paddy agriculture Sustainable development Drought disaster in China |
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