| 火山发育区通道相类型、特征、成因及对油气的控制作用 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙希家,张新涛,华晓莉,边立恩,徐春强.火山发育区通道相类型、特征、成因及对油气的控制作用[J].地质论评,2018,64(4):937-946. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙希家 张新涛 华晓莉 边立恩 徐春强 |
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| 作者单位： | 中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司渤海石油研究院 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文为“十三五”国家科技重大专项 “渤海海域勘探新领域及关键技术研究”项目（编号：2016ZX05024-003）的成果。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探讨火山岩发育区通道相特征,充分利用三维地震资料、钻井资料和野外露头,研究了通道相的发育规律。结果表明,研究区发育火山通道和热液通道两种通道相。二者均表现为上粗下细的倒锥状,但是在岩相和地震相等方面差别较大。火山通道多为火山岩充填,表现为堆砌充填结构,具有明显的速度异常,反射振幅与围岩差别较大,常伴生较大规模的强振幅溢流相,整体上呈现出"两强夹一弱"的地震反射特征,即顶、底部强反射,中间弱反射;热液通道多为围岩碎屑充填,无速度异常,反射振幅与围岩差别不大,无溢流相伴生,整体上呈现出"一强一弱"的地震反射特征,即底部强反射,上部弱反射。在对2类通道相特征及成因分析的基础上,建立火山岩发育区通道相发育模式:火山通道由岩浆上侵喷发而成,热液通道受控于岩浆侵入引起的围岩液化侵位作用。2类通道相对油气具有不同的控制作用:火山通道为"利盖不利储",热液通道为"利储不利盖"。最后结合通道相的分布特征,指出了研究区有利的勘探区带。该研究成果对火山岩发育区油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 火山通道 热液通道 发育特征 成因模式 油气意义 |
Types, Characteristics, Causes and Control of Hydrocarbon of the Conduit Facies in the Volcanic Development Zone |
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| Institution: | Bohai Oilfield Research Institute, Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd, Tianjin, 300452,Bohai Oilfield Research Institute, Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd, Tianjin, 300452,Bohai Oilfield Research Institute, Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd, Tianjin, 300452,Bohai Oilfield Research Institute, Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd, Tianjin, 300452 and Bohai Oilfield Research Institute, Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd, Tianjin, 300452 |
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| Abstract: | Objectives: There are two kind of conduit facies including the volcanic conduit and the hydrothermal channel develop in the volcanic rock development zone. Much attention has been focused on the volcanic conduit, while very few work on the hydrothermal channel have been done, especially the significance of petroleum geology of it. We study the characteristics and hydrocarbon significance of two channels.Methods: Combining the three dimensional seismic data, drilling data, profiles and glass slides, we make multiscale comprehensive analysis on the volcanic conduit and the hydrothermal channel. There are some differences in lithofacies and seismic facies of them.Results:The volcanic conduit and the hydrothermal channel are shown as the inverted cones whose upper end is much thicker than the lower end. The volcanic conduit whose reflection amplitude is different from the host rock is mostly magmatic filling, develops a typical stacking structure, has the obvious velocity anomaly, and often is associated with a larger scale of high amplitude effusive facies. The volcanic conduit is characterized by "two strong and one weak" seismic features, that is, strong reflection at the top and bottom, and weak reflection in the middle. The hydrothermal channel is filled with the surrounding rock debris and has no velocity anomaly. The reflection amplitude of the hydrothermal channel without the development of the associated effusive facies is not very different from the surrounding rock. Its seismic feature is "one strong and one weak" , which is characterized by strong reflection at the bottom and weak reflection in the upper part. The volcanic conduit is formed by magma intrusion. The hydrothermal channel formation is controlled by the fluidization and disaggregation of rock at depth as a consequence of intrusive igneous activity. The two types of channels have different control functions of hydrocarbon. The volcano conduit is beneficial to reservoir development and not to the development of cap rock, while the hydrothermal channel is beneficial to the cap rock development and not to reservoir development. Conclusions: Based on the different control functions of hydrocarbon, combining the distribution characteristics of the conduit facies, the favorable exploration zone in the research area is pointed out. This study has important guiding significance for oil and gas exploration in the volcanic development zone. |
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