| 地质力学模型实验中变形量测方法的应用研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 苏占东,王鸷文,孙进忠,张建勇,梁金平,牛耀,张之泰,曾扬农,李梦园.地质力学模型实验中变形量测方法的应用研究[J].地质论评,2024,70(1):287-308. |
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| 作者姓名： | 苏占东 王鸷文 孙进忠 张建勇 梁金平 牛耀 张之泰 曾扬农 李梦园 |
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| 作者单位： | 1）防灾科技学院地质工程学院，河北三河，065201；2）河北省地震灾害防御与风险评价重点实验室，河北三河，065201;3）中国地质大学（ 北京） 工程技术学院，北京，100083;4）中铁十八局集团第五工程有限公司，天津，300456 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文为地震科技星火计划攻关项目（编号：XH24060A）和国家自然科学基金资助项目（编号：42372322；41807270）的成果 |
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| 摘 要： | 地质力学模型实验作为一种便捷高效、成本低廉的研究方法，不仅可以将工程的破坏过程直观地呈现出来，而且可以作为了解工程整体力学特征、破坏模式和稳定情况的重要研究手段，在各类岩土工程问题的研究中有着广泛应用。由于地质力学模型材料的变形模量较低，同等应力条件下应变极其敏感，因此模型实验中变形测量显得至关重要。为了提升地质力学模型实验中变形量测的便捷性和准确性，对目前地质力学模型中对变形测量的主要方法进行总结分析。结果表明：目前对于模型变形量测的方法主要分为电测式测量方法、光学测量方法和机械式测量方法，其中电测式测量方法主要包括电阻式应变片法和位移计法，光学测量方法主要包括光纤类传感器法、数字图像相关法、光弹性贴片法和云纹干涉法，机械式测量方法主要包括百分表测量法和经纬仪观测法。通过对各种方法工作原理、主要应用案例及优缺点的阐述对比，得出不同方法的主要区别是测量范围和适用范围的差异，其中百分表测量法适用于测量小区域变形；测量内部变形可选择电阻式应变片法及光纤类传感器法；较大区域的变形可选择位移计法及光纤类传感器法；指定点位移可选择经纬仪观测法；全场观测可选择数字图像相关法、云纹干涉法以及光弹性贴片法。该成果可为相关地质力学模型实验的变形测量提供实验参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 地质力学模型 变形测量 电测法 光学测量方法 机械式测量方法 |
| 收稿时间： | 2023/6/11 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/9/11 0:00:00 |
A review of the application of deformation measurement methods in geomechanical model experiments |
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| SU Zhandong,WANG Zhiwen,SUN Jinzhong,ZHANG Jianyong,LIANG Jinping,NIU Yao,ZHANG Zhitai,ZENG Yangnong,LI Mengyuan.A review of the application of deformation measurement methods in geomechanical model experiments[J].Geological Review,2024,70(1):287-308. |
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| Authors: | SU Zhandong WANG Zhiwen SUN Jinzhong ZHANG Jianyong LIANG Jinping NIU Yao ZHANG Zhitai ZENG Yangnong LI Mengyuan |
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| Institution: | 1) Department of Geological Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe, Hebei, 065201;2) Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Prevention and Risk Assessment, Sanhe, Hebei, 065201;3) School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083;4) China Railway 18th Bureau Group Fifth Engineering Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300456 |
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| Abstract: | As a convenient, efficient and low-cost research method, geomechanical model experiments can not only present the failure process of engineering intuitively, but also serve as an important research means to understand the overall mechanical characteristics, failure mode and stability of engineering. Therefore, geomechanical model experiments are widely used in the study of various geotechnical engineering problems. Due to the low deformation modulus of geomechanical model materials and their extremely sensitive strain under the same stress conditions, deformation measurement is crucial in model experiments. In order to improve the convenience and accuracy of deformation measurement in geomechanical model experiments, the main methods of deformation measurement in the current geomechanical model are summarized and analyzed. The results indicate that currently, the methods for measuring model deformation mainly include electrical measurement methods, optical measurement methods, and mechanical measurement methods. Among them, electrical measurement methods mainly includes resistance strain gauge methods and displacement meter method, optical measurement method mainly includes fiber optic sensor method, digital image correlation method, photoelastic patch method, and moire interferometry method, and mechanical measurement methods mainly includes dial gauge measurement method and theodolite observation method, through the explanation and comparison of the working principle, main application cases and advantages and disadvantages of various methods. The main difference between the different methods is the difference in the measurement range and the scope of application, among which the percentile meter methods is suitable for measuring the deformation of a small area. To measure the internal deformation, the resistive strain gauge method and fiber optical sensor method can be selected. For deformation in larger areas, the displacement meter method and the optical fiber sensor method can be selected. The theodolite observation method can be selected for the specified point displacement; For full-field observation, digital image correlation method, moire interferometry and photoelastic patch method can be selected. This achievement can provide an experimental reference for the experimental deformation measurement of related geomechanical models. |
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| Keywords: | geomechanical model experiment deformation measurement electrical measurement method optical measurement method mechanical measurement method |
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