Magnetostratigraphy of the Orce region (Baza Basin), SE Spain: New chronologies for Early Pleistocene faunas and hominid occupation sites |
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| Institution: | 1. Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA;2. Dept. Enginyeria Minera i Recursos Naturals, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Bases de Manresa 61-73, 08240 Manresa, Spain;3. Institut de Paleontología “M.Crusafont”, Escola Industrial 23, Sabadell 08201, Spain;1. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana I Evolució Social, C/Marcelli Domingo S/n, Campus Sescelades URV, Edifici W3, 43007, Tarragona, Spain;2. Area de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira I Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain;3. University College London, Institute of Archaeology, Gordon Square 31-34, London, WC1H0PY, United Kingdom;4. Laboratory Archaeology and Population in Africa, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva, 4, Boulevard D''Yvoy, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland;5. University of Granada, Department of Prehistory and Archaeology. Campus Universitario de Cartuja S/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain;6. Archaeological Museum of Granada, Carrera Del Darro, 41-43, 18010, Granada, Spain;1. Research Center for Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca s/n, 09002 Burgos, Spain;2. Institut de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Àrea de Prehistòria, U. Rovira i Virgili, Plaça Imperial Tarraco 1, E-43005 Tarragona, Spain;3. Centro de Investigación (UCM-ISCIII) de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Monforte de Lemos 3-5 (Pabellón 14), 28029 Madrid, Spain;1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 34, I-20133 Milan, Italy;2. CNR Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, via Salaria km 29.300, I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy;3. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;4. ALP, Alpine Laboratory of Paleomagnetism, via Madonna dei Boschi 76, I-12016 Peveragno, CN, Italy;5. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;1. Azov Museum-Reserve, Moskovskaya str., 38/40, Azov, Russia;2. Institute of Arid Zones SSC RAS, Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Science, Chekhov str., 41, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia;3. V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, pr. Koptiuga, 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;1. Institut de Ciències de la Terra Jaume Almera, ICTJA-CSIC, C. Lluís Solé Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Fac. Ciències, Dpt. de Geologia (Unitat d''Estratigrafia), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;1. Università degli Studi di Napoli “L''Orientale” – Dip. Asia, Africa e Mediterraneo – Piazza S, Domenico Maggiore, 80134 Napoli, Italy;2. Università degli Studi di Siena – Dip. di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell''Ambiente – U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy;3. Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense – UMR 7041 – ArScAn – équipe AnTET – Maison René Ginouvès (MAE), 21 allée de l''université, F-92023 Nanterre Cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | The Orce fossil quarries, in the Baza Basin of southeastern Spain, are a rich source of Early Pleistocene Palaeolithic tools and vertebrate remains. Geologic fieldwork during the last decade has placed these fossiliferous strata within the context of a thick Neogene continental sequence. Detailed lithostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic results indicate that at least the upper 60 m of this sequence are of Early Pleistocene age. The quarried strata (Venta Micena, Barranco León and Fuentenueva-3) are from a narrow time span (<100 ka) starting before 1.3 Ma. A new, lower excavation at ～1.5 Ma (Fuentenueva-1 quarry) has a distinctly older fauna. These Orce strata provide a high resolution, Early Pleistocene record of grassland fauna that shows the end of Mammal Neogene fauna (MN17) in the Fuentenueva-1 site (with Gazella borbonica, Equus stenonis) and the beginning of more characteristic Pleistocene fauna in the Venta Micena site (with Hippopotamus antiquus, Equus granatensis, Homo sp.). Thus far, no evidence for human occupation has been found within the earlier Fuentenueva-1 quarry, although many of the same terminal MN17 species have been found with hominids on the other side of Europe at the Dmanisi site (earliest Pleistocene) in the Republic of Georgia. |
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