Causes, mechanism and environmental impacts of instabilities at Himmetoğlu coal mine and possible remedial measures |
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| Authors: | Reşat Ulusay Candan Gökçeoğlu Harun Sönmez Ergün Tuncay |
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| Institution: | (1) Hacettepe University, Geological Engineering Department, Applied Geology Division, 06532 Beytepe Ankara, Turkey e-mail: resat@hacettepe.edu.tr, TR |
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| Abstract: | Since the commencement of mining at the Himmetoğlu coal mine, northwest Turkey, serious stability problems have led to interruptions
in mining and some environmental effects. A geotechnical investigation was initiated in 1997 and the significant factors that
influence the stability have been defined. This paper outlines the results of the field and laboratory studies associated
with the causes and mechanism of the slope instabilities and their environmental impacts. The possible remedial measures to
improve the stability and to minimize the environmental problems are also described. Back-analyses and data from long-term
monitoring indicate that the failures occur along two or three planar surfaces by combination of faults and localized strata
steepening adjacent to the faults. The stability is sensitive to changes in length of the lower part of the basal sliding
surface and shear strength of the bedding surfaces in the overburden. Suitable remedial measures include slope flattening
(i.e. staged bench stripping), proper drainage and spreading of a rock blanket on the pit floor to increase spoil pile stability.
Received: 18 April 2000 · Accepted: 15 August 2000 |
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| Keywords: | Back-analysis Environmental problems Monitoring Multiplanar failure Remedial measures Shear strength Slope stability |
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