Weathering and weathering rates of natural stone |
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| Authors: | Erhard M Winkler |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 46556 Notre Dame, Indiana |
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| Abstract: | Physical and chemical weathering were studied as separate processes in the past. Recent research, however, shows that most
processes are physicochemical in nature. The rates at which calcite and silica weather by dissolution are dependent on the
regional and local climatic environment. The weathering of silicate rocks leaves discolored margins and rinds, a function
of the rocks' permeability and of the climatic parameters. Salt action, the greatest disruptive factor, is complex and not
yet fully understood in all its phases, but some of the causes of disruption are crystallization pressure, hydration pressure,
and hygroscopic attraction of excess moisture.
The decay of marble is complex, an interaction between disolution, crack-corrosion, and expansion-contraction cycies triggered
by the release of residual stresses. Thin spalls of granites commonly found near the street level of buildings are generally
caused by a combination of stress relief and salt action. To study and determine weathering rates of a variety of commercial
stones, the National Bureau of Standards erected a Stone Exposure Test Wall in 1948. Of the many types of stone represented,
only a few fossiliferous limestones permit a valid measurement of surface reduction in a polluted urban environment. |
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