Karst collapse in cities and mining areas,China |
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| Authors: | Jian Chen |
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| Institution: | (1) Institute of Karst Geology, Guilin, Guangxi, China |
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| Abstract: | Karst collapse is a dynamic geological phenomenon, in which the rock mass or deposits overlying the karstified zone subsides
down along the karst cavity, resulting in a collapse pit or sinkhole. After discussing the typical examples of collapse emerging
in the karst cities and mines in provinces and regions of South China, such as Guangdong. Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang,
Yunnan, Guizhou, and Jiangxi, it is considered that human activities of economy and production have become a major effect
in causing karst collapse.
Man-made collapses make 66.4 percent of the total, whereas natural ones 33.6 percent. Most of the collapses occurred to the
area with soil overburden (96.7 percent), only a few in areas of bedrock overburden (3.3 percent). The karst collapses have
a close relationship with the extent of karst development, the character and the thickness of overburden, and the dynamic
condition of underground water. Collapse usually occurs in those parts of an area that are more intensely karstified, with
soil thickness less than 5 m and a high amplitude of water table fluctuation. Many kinds of mechanical effects are caused
by pumping or draining on the overburden and destroying its equilibrium, leading to the collapse. These effects included the
support loss and loadadded effect, penetrating suffusion, gas explesion, water-hammer, suction pressure erosion, and liquatienal
effects. The collapses are the result of varied comprehensive effects, particularly the support loss and load-added, and penetrating
suffusion. |
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