A distributed water-heat coupled model for mountainous watershed of an inland river basin of Northwest China (I) model structure and equations |
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| Authors: | Ren-sheng Chen Shi-hua Lu Er-si Kang Xi-bin Ji Zhihui Zhang Yong Yang Wenwu Qing |
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| Institution: | (1) Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | It is absolutely necessary to quantify the hydrological processes in earth surface by numerical models in the cold regions
where although most Chinese large rivers acquire their headstreams, due to global warming, its glacier, permafrost and snow
cover have degraded seriously in the recent 50 years. Especially in an arid inland river basin, where the main water resources
come from mountainous watershed, it becomes an urgent case. However, frozen ground’s impact to water cycle is little considered
in the distributed hydrological models for a watershed. Took Heihe mountainous watershed with an area of 10,009 km2, as an example, the authors designed a distributed heat-water coupled (DWHC) model by referring to SHAW and COUP. The DWHC
model includes meteorological variable interception model, vegetation interception model, snow and glacier melting model,
soil water-heat coupled model, evapotransporation model, runoff generation model, infiltration model and flow concentration
model. With 1 km DTM grids in daily scale, the DWHC model describes the basic hydrological processes in the research watershed,
with 3∼5 soil layers for each of the 18 soil types, 9 vegetation types and 11 landuse types, according to the field measurements,
remote sensing data and some previous research results. The model can compute the continuous equation of heat and water flow
in the soil and can estimate them continuously, by numerical methods or by some empirical formula, which depends on freezing
soil status. However, the model still has some conceptual parameters, and need to be improved in the future. This paper describes
only the model structure and basic equations, whereas in the next papers, the model calibration results using the data measured
at meteorological stations, together with Mesoscale Model version 5 (MM5) outputs, will be further introduced. |
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| Keywords: | Frozen soil Soil temperature Soil water content Soil water tension |
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