Well blowout rates and consequences in California Oil and Gas District 4 from 1991 to 2005: implications for geological storage of carbon dioxide |
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| Authors: | Preston D Jordan Sally M Benson |
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| Institution: | (1) Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;(2) Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA |
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| Abstract: | Well blowout rates in oil fields undergoing thermally enhanced recovery (via steam injection) in California Oil and Gas District
4 from 1991 to 2005 were on the order of 1 per 1,000 well construction operations, 1 per 10,000 active wells per year, and
1 per 100,000 shut-in/idle and plugged/abandoned wells per year. This allows some initial inferences about leakage of CO2 via wells, which is considered perhaps the greatest leakage risk for geological storage of CO2. During the study period, 9% of the oil produced in the United States was from District 4, and 59% of this production was
via thermally enhanced recovery. There was only one possible blowout from an unknown or poorly located well, despite over
a century of well drilling and production activities in the district. The blowout rate declined dramatically during the study
period, most likely as a result of increasing experience, improved technology, and/or changes in safety culture. If so, this
decline indicates the blowout rate in CO2-storage fields can be significantly minimized both initially and with increasing experience over time. Comparable studies
should be conducted in other areas. These studies would be particularly valuable in regions with CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and natural gas storage.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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| Keywords: | Geological carbon dioxide storage Thermally enhanced oil recovery Well leakage Well blowout California |
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