Catastrophic subsidence: An environmental hazard,shelby county,Alabama |
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| Authors: | Philip E Lamoreaux J G Newton |
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| Institution: | (1) P E LaMoreaux and Associates, Inc, 35403 Tuscaloosa, Alabama;(2) Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA |
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| Abstract: | Induced sinkholes (catastrophic subsidence) are those caused or accelerated by human activities These sinkholes commonly result
from a water level decline due to pumpage Construction activities in a cone of depression greatly increases the likelihood
of sinkhole occurrence Almost all occur where cavities develop in unconsolidated deposits overlying solution openings in carbonate
rocks. Triggering mechanisms resulting from water level declines are (1) loss of buoyant support of the water, (2) increased
gradient and water velocity, (3) water-level fluctuations, and (4) induced recharge Construction activities triggering sinkhole
development include ditching, removing overburden, drilling, movement of heavy equipment, blasting and the diversion and impoundment
of drainage Triggering mechanisms include piping, saturation, and loading
Induced sinkholes resulting from human water development/management activities are most predictable in a youthful karst area
impacted by groundwater withdrawals Shape, depth, and timing of catastrophic subsidence can be predicted in general terms
Remote sensing techniques are used in prediction of locations of catastrophic subsidence. This provides a basis for design
and relocation of structures such as a gas pipeline, dam, or building Utilization of techniques and a case history of the
relocation of a pipeline are described |
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