| 基于普适型仪器的滑坡监测预警初探——以甘肃兰州岷县三处滑坡为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 侯圣山,李昂,陈亮,冯振,王立朝,曹鹏,刘军友,郑浩,李阳光,黄鑫,郭伟,魏新平.基于普适型仪器的滑坡监测预警初探——以甘肃兰州岷县三处滑坡为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2020,31(6):47-53. |
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| 作者姓名： | 侯圣山 李昂 陈亮 冯振 王立朝 曹鹏 刘军友 郑浩 李阳光 黄鑫 郭伟 魏新平 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国地质环境监测院(自然资源部地质灾害技术指导中心), 北京 100081; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目:基于地质云的地质灾害预警与快速评估示范研究（2018YFC1505500）；中国地质调查局地质调查项目:洮河流域中游灾害地质调查（DD20190645）；国家自然科学基金重点项目:青藏高原东缘古滑坡复活机理与早期识别研究（41731287） |
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| 摘 要： | 在甘肃省滑坡灾害较为严重的兰州市和岷县，选择了三处滑坡，建设了基于普适型仪器的专群结合监测预警系统。按照《地质灾害专群结合监测预警技术指南（试行）》的要求，选用裂缝计、GNSS、土体含水量仪、雨量计、声光报警器等，对地质灾害体变形破坏、相关因素、宏观前兆等指标开展专业化立体综合监测。监测设备采用蓄电池加太阳能的方案来供电，保证24小时不间断工作；通讯系统采用现场LoRa组网配合2/3/4 G移动通信的方案，能够保证数据传输的效率，同时降低通信成本；监测数据同时发送到国家和省级地质灾害监测数据平台，能够高效支撑地灾预警工作；监测平台能够对实时采集的监测数据自动进行分析，支持用多种预警模型进行判别；监测数据发生变化触发预设条件时，能够自动发送预警信息。通过近四个月的系统试运行，捕捉到了滑坡mm级的蠕变变形，数据可靠，能够满足监测预警的需求。通过三处滑坡监测预警工程的实施，一方面对滑坡变形和环境因素实现了实时监控，同时也为类似问题提供了一个可供参考的解决方案。
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| 关 键 词： | 地质灾害 滑坡 监测 预警 普适型 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-24 |
Application of universal geo-hazard monitoring instruments in landslides and early warning of three landslides in Gansu Province: a case study in Minxian County and Lanzhou City of Gansu Province |
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| Institution: | 1. China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring(Guide Centre of Prevention Technology for Geo-Hazards, MNR), Beijing 100081, China;2. School of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;3. Aerospace Science & Industry Inertial Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China;4. Gansu Institute of Geoenvironment Monitoring, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China |
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| Abstract: | Geohazard is a serious problem in Lanzhou and Minxian County of Gansu Province, northwest China. Three landslides in Lanzhou and Minxian County were selected for universal monitoring construction. According to "Technical guide for geohazardmonitoring and early warning based on the combination of professional and mass monitoring (trial use)", crack-meter, GNSS monitoring, soil moisture monitoring, real-time rain-gauge and alarm apparatus were used in the landslide monitoring network. Power supply of landslide monitoring instruments is from Li-ion battery and solar panels, providing sufficient power to 24 h-per-day working. Data transmission of real-time data is based on LoRa and 2/3/4 G mobilecommunications, with increasing reliability and cost reduction. Monitoring data were transmitted to national platform and provincial platform simultaneously, providing real-time data for both platforms. The monitoring data were analyzed automatically, using multi-module for landslide prediction and warning. When abnormal data were discriminated, SMS messages were delivered automatically to designated personnels for further processing.Through fourmonths’ trial operation, the creep deformation of millimeter-level of landslide was captured. The data is reliable and meets the needs of monitoring and early warning. Through the implementation of three landslide universal monitoring projects, on the one hand, real-time monitoring of landslide deformation and environmental factors is realized, and a reference solution is provided for regions with similar problems. |
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