| 从地层记录的时空有序性解读地层学发展 |
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| 引用本文： | 王龙,张瑞,华柑霖,张磊.从地层记录的时空有序性解读地层学发展[J].沉积学报,2018,36(6):1059-1074. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王龙 张瑞 华柑霖 张磊 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41472090，40472065） |
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| 摘 要： | 自20世纪70年代以来，随着多重地层划分理论的提出和各种测试方法、手段的应用，一系列地层学分支学科开始出现。众多的地层学的分支学科极大地开阔了地层学研究领域，使地层学理论百家争鸣，向着多侧面、多层次和多尺度的方向发展，但较为专一的研究对象也使其趋向碎片化。因而，重新回顾地层学的发展历程，发现依据不同特征和属性建立的地层单位之间的关联，将趋向碎片化的地层学作为一个整体进行思考很有必要。就此从时空有序性的角度，系统总结和梳理了地层记录的不完备性、穿时性、旋回性、非渐变性和不可逆性。发现在地层记录中，尽管岩性变化、生物变化、物理变化和化学变化并不是严格地统一到时间变化中，但它们在时间和空间中的分布是有序和有规律的，是虽然不具备等时性但具备时间秩序性的沉积体。从下老上新的斯坦诺地层三定律，到空间上毗邻关系可以转化为时间上相随历史的瓦尔特相律，地层学不仅用上、下、左、右表达空间概念，也揭示其时间属性；不整合刚提出时仅仅是一个构造概念，是褶皱幕或造山幕导致的地层关系在空间上的不协调，但现今却包含了更多的时间属性，定义为地层记录的长时间缺失；地层旋回一开始是对地层重复性的描述，但随着第四纪米兰科维奇旋回的研究，证实它与沉积层序都是天文节律（时间）的产物。在复杂的地层记录中发现和恢复其有序的时空关系，揭示地层记录的时空有序性成为了地层学所有分支学科共同面临的主题，也使其相互交融。
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| 关 键 词： | 地层记录 地层属性 沉积层序 穿时 时空秩序 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-03-27 |
On Stratigraphy from Spatial and Temporal Perspectives: Review and Interpretation |
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| Institution: | 1.School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;2.School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | A series of branches of stratigraphy have formed since 1970's along with the development of multiple stratigraphic classification theory and the application of various testing methods and means, These stratigraphy branches have greatly extended their research fields, and made stratigraphic theories developed towards multi-laterals, multi-levels and multi-scales directions. However, the specific and simple research object has also made stratigraphy fragmented and narrowly-defined. Therefore, it is necessary to review the stratigraphic history and consider the different stratigraphic units based on independent characteristics and attributes as a whole. In this paper, from the philosophy of time and space, the incompleteness, cyclicity, punctuated equilibrium and irreversibility of stratigraphic records are systematically summarized and combed. It is found that although lithologic, biologic, physical and chemical changes are not strictly unified into temporal variations, the strata are distributed orderly and regularly in time and space. From the Steno's Laws stating that rocks laid down in vertical order with younger strata on the top of the older one to the Walther's Phase Law suggesting that the contiguous relation in space can be transformed into the chronological sequence in time, the stratigraphy not only expresses the concept of space by using concepts of top and bottom, left and right, but also reveals its time attribution. The unconformity, once supposed to be a tectonic-induced concept from the beginning, which represented its spatial incongruity caused by folds or orogeny, is now defined with the help of time attribute i.e. the prolonged absence of stratigraphic records. Similarly, the stratigraphic cycle, a term previously describing the repetition of strata, after the confirmation of the Quaternary Milankovitch cycle is redefined as the transgressive and regressive sequences bounded by unconformities in the stratagraphic record. The discovery and restoration of the spatial and temporal order in the complex stratigraphic record is therefore becoming the driving force in promoting the development and integration of all stratigraphy branches. |
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