| 冈底斯复合造山带铜钼金多金属成矿作用与成矿系列 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑有业,吴松,次琼,陈鑫,高顺宝,刘晓峰,姜笑文,郑顺利,李淼,姜晓佳.冈底斯复合造山带铜钼金多金属成矿作用与成矿系列[J].地球科学,2021,46(6):1909-1940. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑有业 吴松 次琼 陈鑫 高顺宝 刘晓峰 姜笑文 郑顺利 李淼 姜晓佳 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083;中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京 100083;中国地质大学资源学院,湖北武汉 430074;中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083;西藏自治区地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队,西藏拉萨 850000;中国地质大学资源学院,湖北武汉 430074;中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划“深地资源勘查开采”2018YFC0604104国家重点研发计划“深地资源勘查开采”2017YFC0601506国家自然科学基金项目41802090中国地质调查局项目DD20190147-05中央高校基本科研业务专项2652019060 |
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| 摘 要： | 2001年以前西藏冈底斯斑岩铜钼多金属成矿带未列入国家重要成矿区带，而随后的成矿、找矿理论认识和方法创新，致使该带找矿取得历史性重大突破，新发现与评价了驱龙、甲玛、朱诺、雄村、努日、冲江、邦浦、蒙亚啊、洞中松多、查个勒等一系列大型-超大型矿床，仅探明的铜资源量就超过5 600万吨，形成了我国规模最大的世界级铜多金属勘查开发基地；新发现的矿床主要分布在南部拉萨地体及弧背断隆带，空间上的分布表现出东西成带、北东成行、交汇成矿、近等间距分布的规律性；同位素资料展示5期斑岩成矿作用(213 Ma、173~165 Ma、~45 Ma、~30 Ma、17~13 Ma)、5期矽卡岩成矿作用(~112 Ma、~77 Ma、67~55 Ma、~41~37 Ma、~23~16 Ma)及2期浅成低温热液成矿作用(~126 Ma、~65~55 Ma)；伴随着新特提斯洋的形成、俯冲、消减及印-亚陆陆碰撞，冈底斯带经历了增生造山、碰撞造山、陆内造山及均衡造山四大造山作用过程，揭示了含矿岩浆来源于不同时期俯冲的玄武质洋壳——以幔源物质为主、或以古老地壳为主、或以新生下地壳为主的部分熔融，形成了与不同造山作用相关的斑岩型-矽卡岩型-浅成低温热液型-岩浆热液脉型-热泉型等单一类型、或斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液型等多种类型复合的一系列Cu-Mo-W-Ag-Sn-Au多金属矿床；复合造山过程中不同造山作用的叠加，使矿床展现出同源多位、同位多因、深源浅成、多因复成的成矿特征，并据此划分出晚三叠世与大陆弧岩浆有关的斑岩Cu-Au、中侏罗世与岛弧岩浆作用有关的斑岩Cu-Au、早白垩世与中酸性岩浆有关的矽卡岩-浅成低温热液型Fe-Ag-Pb-Zn(-Sn)、晚白垩世与中酸性侵入岩有关的Fe-Cu多金属、古新世-始新世与中酸性侵入岩有关的Fe-Cu多金属、古新世与陆相(次)火山岩有关的Ag-Sn-Au多金属、渐新世斑岩-矽卡岩型Cu-W-Mo(-Au)、中新世斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液型Cu-Mo-Au-Pb-Zn-Ag、新生代热泉型Au-S-Cs矿床及盐类矿床等9大成矿系列；最后指出该带有待今后进一步深入研究与探索的科学问题，并预测朱诺矿集区仍有发现大-超大型斑岩铜矿床的潜力，将会成为冈底斯成矿带未来找矿最能取得重大突破的地区，为该带下一步的勘查工作部署与评价指明了方向.
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| 关 键 词： | 造山阶段 成矿作用 成矿系列 动力学背景 冈底斯 西藏 矿床学 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-11-11 |
Cu-Mo-Au Metallogenesis and Minerogenetic Series during Superimposed Orogenesis Process in Gangdese |
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| Zheng Youye,Wu Song,Ci Qiong,Chen Xin,Gao Shunbao,Liu Xiaofeng,Jiang Xiaowen,Zheng Shunli,Li Miao,Jiang Xiaojia.Cu-Mo-Au Metallogenesis and Minerogenetic Series during Superimposed Orogenesis Process in Gangdese[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2021,46(6):1909-1940. |
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| Authors: | Zheng Youye Wu Song Ci Qiong Chen Xin Gao Shunbao Liu Xiaofeng Jiang Xiaowen Zheng Shunli Li Miao Jiang Xiaojia |
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| Abstract: | The Gangdese copper-molybdenum polymetallic metallogenic belt in Tibet was not included in the national important metallogenic belts before 2001. However, the subsequent theoretical understanding and method innovation of mineralization and prospecting have led to a historic breakthrough in ore prospecting in this belt, newly finding of a series of large and super-large deposits such as Qulong, Jiama, Zhunuo, Xiongcun, Nuri, Chongjiang, Bangpu, Mengya'a, Dongzhongsongduo and Chagele. The proven copper resources alone exceed 56 million tons, forming the largest world-class copper polymetallic exploration and development base in China. The newly discovered deposits are mainly distributed in the southern Lhasa terrane and Gangdese back-arc fault uplift belt, and show the spatial distribution of east-west banding, parallel north-east and interjunction mineralization. The isotopic data show five-stage porphyry mineralization (213 Ma, 173-165 Ma, ~45 Ma, ~30 Ma, 17-13 Ma), five-stage skarn mineralization (~112 Ma, ~77 Ma, 67-55 Ma, ~41-37 Ma, ~23-16 Ma) and two-stage epithermal mineralization (~126 Ma, ~65-55 Ma). With the formation and subsequent subduction of the Neo-Tethys ocean, and India-Asia collision, the Gangdese belt has experienced four orogenic processes, including accretionary orogenesis, collisional orogenesis, intracontinental orogenesis and balanced orogenic process. The ore-bearing magma was derived from partial melting of basaltic oceanic crust dominated by mantle source material, or ancient crust, or juvenile lower crust during different periods, in which a series of Cu-Mo-W-Ag-Sn-Au polymetallic deposits have been formed including single types of porphyry, skarn, epithermal-hydrothermal vein, thermal spring deposits, or complex types of porphyry-skarn-epithermal deposits and so on. These deposits show the metallogenic characteristics of same source with multiple locations, same location with multiple genesis, deep source with shallow mineralization, as well as multiple genesis and complex formation, due to the superposition of different orogenies during superimposed orogenesis process. Therefore, nine minerogenetic series are classified: Late Triassic porphyry Cu-Au series related to arc-magmatism; Middle Jurassic porphyry Cu-Au series related to island arc magmatism; Early Cretaceous skarn-epithermal Fe-Ag-Pb-Zn(-Sn) series related to intermediate-acidic magma; Late Cretaceous Fe-Cu polymetallic series related to intermediate-acidic magma; Paleocene-Eocene Fe-Cu polymetallic series related to intermediate-acidic magma; Paleocene Ag-Sn-Au polymetallic series related to continental (sub) volcanic rocks; Oligocene porphyry-skarn Cu-W-Mo(-Au) series; Miocene porphyry-skarn-epithermal Cu-Mo-Au-Pb-Zn-Ag series; Cenozoic hydrothermal spring Au-S-Cs deposits and salt mineralization series. Finally it proposes some scientific questions that remains to be further study and exploration in Gangdese belt, and predictes that Zhunuo deposit cluster still has the potential of finding large- superlarge porphyry copper deposits, where a major breakthrough can be achieved in the future ore-prospecting in the Gangdese metallogenic belt, indicating directions for the further exploration deployment and evaluation. |
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