| 俯冲带结构演变解剖与研究展望 |
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| 引用本文： | 肖文交,宋东方,张继恩,毛启贵,敖松坚,韩春明,万博,张志勇.俯冲带结构演变解剖与研究展望[J].地球科学,2022,47(9):3073-3106. |
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| 作者姓名： | 肖文交 宋东方 张继恩 毛启贵 敖松坚 韩春明 万博 张志勇 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆矿产资源研究中心, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目41888101中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划项目QYZDJ?SSW?SYS012新疆自治区重大专项2021A03001 & 4 |
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| 摘 要： | 俯冲带作为板块构造最为重要的标志之一，是地球最大的物质循环系统，被称为“俯冲工厂”.俯冲作用是驱动和维持板块运动的重要动力引擎.一个完整的俯冲带发育海沟、增生楔、弧前盆地、岩浆弧、弧后盆地（或弧背前陆盆地）等基本构造单元.在一些特殊情况下（如洋脊俯冲、年轻洋壳俯冲、海山俯冲），则可形成一些特殊的俯冲带结构（如平板俯冲、俯冲侵蚀），导致岩浆弧、增生楔、弧前盆地等不发育甚至缺失.俯冲大洋板片可滞留于或穿越地幔过渡带进入下地幔甚至到达核幔边界，把地壳物质带入到地球深部，并通过地幔柱活动上升到浅部.俯冲带是构造活动强烈的区域，存在走滑、挤压、伸展等变形及其构造叠加.俯冲带海沟可向大洋或大陆方向迁移，岛弧及增生楔等也随之发生迁移，使俯冲带上盘发生周期性挤压和伸展，形成复杂的古地理格局.微陆块、岛弧、海山/洋底高原等地质体在俯冲带发生增生时，可阻塞先存的俯冲带，造成俯冲带跃迁或俯冲极性反转，在其外侧形成新的俯冲带.俯冲带深部精细结构、俯冲起始如何发生、板块俯冲与地幔柱的深部关联机制等是当前俯冲带研究中值得关注的前沿问题.开展俯冲带地球物理深部探测、古缝合带与现今俯冲带对比研究、俯冲带动力学数值模拟是解决上述科学问题的重要途径.
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| 关 键 词： | 俯冲带 结构演变 缝合带 增生造山带 问题与展望 构造地质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-09-01 |
Anatomy of the Structure and Evolution of Subduction Zones and Research Prospects |
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| Abstract: | Subduction zone, known as the subduction factory, is the most remarkable characteristics of plate tectonics and is the largest material circulation system on the earth. Subduction behaves as an important engine for driving and maintaining plate movement. A typical subduction zone comprises trench, accretionary wedge, forearc basin, magmatic arc, back-arc basin (or retroarc foreland basin). In some special circumstances, such as ridge subduction, subduction of young oceanic slab and seamount subduction, some special structure such as flat-slab subduction and subduction erosion may occur, resulting in the absence of arc magmatism, accretionary complex or forearc basin. Subducted slab may get through the mantle transition zone into the lower mantle and even reach the core-mantle boundary, and bring the crustal rocks into the deep earth, which ascend to earth's surface in the form of mantle plume. Subduction zone is characterized by active deformation including strike-slip, compression, and extension and structural overprinting. Magmatic arc and accretionary complex may migrate oceanward or landward along with the trench, leading to cyclic compression and extension of the upper plate and the formation of complex paleogeographic patterns. The accretion of microcontinent, arc, seamount and oceanic plateau can chock the subduction zone and lead to subduction zone transference or subduction polarity reversal with the formation of new subduction zone outboard. The detailed deep structure of subduction zone, subduction initiation mechanism, and the interplay between subduction and mantle plume are the research fronts of subduction zone. Conducting geophysical deep exploration of subduction zones, comparative studies of suture zones and active subduction zones, and numerical simulation of subduction zone geodynamics are important ways to solve the above scientific problems. |
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