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Provisional Elemental Values for IAEA‐Sewage Sludge by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
Authors:Mohammad Wasim  Mohammad Arif  Sajid Iqbal  Muhammad Daud
Institution:Chemistry Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, PO Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
Abstract:The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) organised a proficiency test (PT), IAEA‐CU‐2010‐02, for the determination of elements in sewage sludge. The PT sample was analysed by semi‐absolute standardless k0‐instrumental neutron activation analysis (k0‐INAA). Results for seven elements (As, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Se, Zn) were submitted to the IAEA by our laboratory. All of our results were scored ‘acceptable’ by the ‘result evaluation criteria’ adopted by the IAEA. The same analytical methodology produced quantitative results for twenty‐six additional elements. In total, thirty‐six elements were determined with uncertainty varying from 4 to 11%. This paper presents the provisional mass fractions of twenty‐six additional elements (Ag, Al, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Dy, Eu, Ga, Hf, I, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, V, U, W) not reported by the IAEA. The analytical methodology was discussed with important sources of spectral, nuclear and fission‐product interferences. It was shown that the important components of uncertainties were the k0 factor, Q0 factor, detector efficiency, mass and counting statistics. The methodology was validated by analysing the IAEA‐S7 reference material.
Keywords:IAEA‐sewage sludge  neutron activation analysis  k0‐standardisation  reference material  method validation  boues d’  é  puration AIEA  analyse par activation neutronique  k0‐normalisation  maté  riaux de ré    rence  validation de mé  thode
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