| 我国建(构)筑物场地下伏煤矿采空区勘察技术进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘小平.我国建(构)筑物场地下伏煤矿采空区勘察技术进展[J].煤田地质与勘探,2022,50(4):139-146. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘小平 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国煤炭科工集团有限公司科技创新创业资金专项项目(2019-2-ZD005，2019-ZD004) |
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| 摘 要： | 煤矿采空区勘察是制约上方场地能否进行工程建设及长期安全运营的重大技术难题。以我国煤矿采空区勘察技术规范制定为时间脉络，回顾了近30年来在采空区勘察方法、变形预测、稳定性评价等方面所取得的成果，指出了目前勘察实际工作中遇到勘察大纲编制指导性不强、钻探技术要求与勘察工作结合不紧密、工程物探难以满足勘察需求、勘察成果综合分析不够、采空区场地特殊岩土问题研究不深入等代表性问题。从高精度变形监测、精细物探、定向钻进、信息化等，展望了勘察工作规范化及新技术应用等方面在未来的发展趋势，提出了需要围绕煤矿采空区地球物理反演、原位测试与评价、变形监测与预警等进一步研究的方向，为防治采空区灾害提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 煤矿采空区 建(构)筑物场地 勘察技术 问题 展望 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-31 |
Progress in investigation technology for coal mine goafs under buildings and structures in China |
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| Abstract: | The investigation of goafs in the coal mine is a major technical problem that restricts the normal engineering construction and safe operation of the upper site. Looking back at the establishment of coal mine goaf prospecting technical specifications in China, the results obtained in the past three decades are reviewed in the goaf prospecting methods, the deformation prediction, stability evaluation, etc. Some representative problems are pointed out in the current actual investigation work, such as the poor guidance of the investigation outline, the inadequate integration of drilling technical requirements with the investigation work, the inability of engineering geophysical exploration to meet the investigation needs, the insufficient comprehensive analysis of the investigation results, and the lack of in-depth research on special rock and soil problems in the goaf site. In this paper, the future development trend of the standardization of prospecting work and the application of new technologies is prospected from the aspects of high-precision deformation monitoring, fine geophysical exploration, directional drilling and information technology. The direction of further research on geophysical inversion, in-situ test and evaluation, deformation monitoring and early warning of coal mine goafs are proposed, providing reference for the prevention and control of goaf disasters. |
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