| 中硬煤层瓦斯穿层钻孔无泵式双通道机械掏穴钻头设计与应用 |
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| 引用本文： | 高晓亮,邵国杰,杨虎伟.中硬煤层瓦斯穿层钻孔无泵式双通道机械掏穴钻头设计与应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2022,50(10):159-164. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高晓亮 邵国杰 杨虎伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司，陕西 西安 710077 |
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| 基金项目： | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司科技创新基金项目(2019XAYZD10) |
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| 摘 要： | 为了解决随钻式掏穴技术钻进中需要配套泥浆泵调节流量以切换钻进、掏穴状态，控制效果不甚理想等问题，开发了无泵式双通道机械掏穴钻头，该钻头配套双通道钻杆及双通道送水器使用，在钻具内形成2套互不连通的水路，环空水路用于冷却钻头携带岩粉进行正常钻进，中心水路用于控制刀翼开合，大大提高了刀翼开合的控制精度，同时无需配套泥浆泵，提高了随钻掏穴技术应用范围。通过钻头结构设计、齿轮齿条计算以及水路结构优化等，提高了钻头可靠性，采用设计的钻头在淮北朱仙庄煤矿进行了现场试验，试验共完成了?120 mm的钻孔101个，施工总进尺2 861.5 m，钻孔平均深度28.3 m，出煤量0.20~0.69 t/m，单孔平均出煤量0.22 t/m。采用双通道造穴技术可将原常规施工?120 mm钻孔直径扩大至4.1倍。试验证明:设计的双通道机械掏穴钻头，能够满足无泵式机械掏穴的需求，大大提高了施工效率。本研究为低透煤层瓦斯抽采增透提供了钻具支撑，为本行业类似掏穴钻孔施工提供了技术方案。
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| 关 键 词： | 无泵式 双通道 掏穴钻头 钻头设计 中硬煤层 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-11-24 |
Design and application of pump-free double channel mechanical hole enlarging bit for gas penetration in middle hard coal seam |
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| Institution: | Xi’an Research Institute (Group) Co. Ltd., China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Corp., Xi’an 710077, China |
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| Abstract: | In borehole enlarge drilling, it is necessary to adjust the flow of mud pump to switch drilling and borehole enlarging state, and the control effect is not ideal. To improve the precision of the borehole enlarging technology while drilling machinery control, a pump-free double channel mechanical borehole enlarging drill bit was developed, which equiped with dual channel to form a complete set of double channel drill pipe and double channel water device. Two sets of individual waterways were designed, annulus water way for cooling bit and carry out rock powder, and center water way is used to control the opening and closing of blade, so as to improve the precision of the opening and closing. At the same time, there is no need for matching mud pump, which improves the application range of borehole enlarging technology while drilling. Through the bit structure design, rack and pinion calculation and waterway structure optimization, the reliability of the bit was increased. The field test was carried out with the designed drill bit. A total of 101 boreholes with diameter of 120 mm were completed. The total construction footage was 2 861.5 m; the average drilling depth was 28.3 m; the coal output was 0.20-0.69 t/m; and the average coal output per meter was 0.22 t. The double channel cavitation technology can enlarge the diameter of borehole from ? 120 mm to 4.1 times. The field test proved that the design of double channel mechanical borehole enlarging bit, can meet the needs of non-pump mechanical borehole enlarging, greatly improving the construction efficiency. This study provides drilling tool support for anti-reflection improvement of gas drainage in low permeability coal seam and provides technical scheme for similar hole cutting drilling construction in this industry. |
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