| 基于GIS空间分析的虚拟钻孔确定与实现方法 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋仁波,崔璐阳,陶叶青,贺巧宁,殷彪,张朋飞,李文慧,王月香,王细元.基于GIS空间分析的虚拟钻孔确定与实现方法[J].煤田地质与勘探,2018,46(6):67-73. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋仁波 崔璐阳 陶叶青 贺巧宁 殷彪 张朋飞 李文慧 王月香 王细元 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41601501） |
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| 摘 要： | 在三维地质建模过程中，通过引入一定数量的虚拟钻孔，对地层分界面几何形态更加精确的控制，不仅能够明显改善地质分界面网格的质量，而且能够提高模型精度和可视化效果。现有虚拟钻孔的引入途径主要通过手工添加实现，受人为主观因素影响较大，且自动化水平低，耗时、费力，针对这一问题，提出了一种基于GIS空间分析的虚拟钻孔确定与实现方法。以地质勘查获取的钻孔数据和地质剖面图为数据源，在ArcGIS平台的支持下，综合运用自动矢量化（Arc Scan）、要素转点（Feature To Point）、创建TIN （Create Tin）、TIN转三角形（Tinto Triangle）、泰森多边形（Create Thiessen Polygons）和相交（Intersect）等空间分析和文件转换工具，分别生成断层构造和建模区域内的二维（2D）虚拟钻孔点；而后，在利用插值工具生成各地层栅格表面的基础上，结合图形插值（Interpolate Shape）工具将2D虚拟钻孔点投影为三维（3D）虚拟钻孔；然后，利用Model Builder可视化建模工具设计了生成虚拟钻孔的模型，实现虚拟钻孔创建的自动化；最后，将获得的3D虚拟钻孔应用于三维地质建模，并进行了建模对比实验，结果表明，该方法具有一定有效性、实用性和可操作性。
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| 关 键 词： | 三维地质建模 GIS 钻孔数据 虚拟钻孔 空间分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-11-20 |
A method for determining and implementing the virtual borehole based on GIS spatial analysis |
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| Abstract: | In the process of 3D geological modeling, a certain amount of virtual boreholes are introduced for precisely controlling the interior and the boundary of the strata interfaces, which not only can effectively improve the mesh quality of the constructed model, but also can level up the model accuracy and its visual effects. This paper proposed a method for determining and implementing of virtual borehole based on GIS since the existed approaches for introducing the virtual borehole are mainly implemented by manual operations, which are influenced by the subjective factors and have the defects of low automatic degree, time consuming and laborious. Firstly, the borehole data and geological maps collected by various geological exploration methods are used as data sources, and two-dimensional(2D) virtual borehole points of faults formations and the modeling area are generated respectively by using the tools of ArcScan, FeatureToPoint, CreateTin, TinTriangle, CreateThiessenPolygons and Intersect under the support of ArcGIS platform; Then, the 2D points of virtual borehole points are projected into 3D points of virtual borehole by using the InterpolateShape tool by generating the strata surfaces. And then, the whole process of automatically creating virtual borehole is implemented by using the visual design tool of ModelBuilder. Finally, the acquired 3D virtual borehole are applied for the 3D geological and comparison experiments and have achieved good modeling results, which shows that the method has a certain effectiveness, practicality and operability. |
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