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大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布
引用本文:邹才能,赵文智,张兴阳,罗平,王岚,刘柳红,薛叔浩,袁选俊,朱如凯,陶士振.大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):813-825.
作者姓名:邹才能  赵文智  张兴阳  罗平  王岚  刘柳红  薛叔浩  袁选俊  朱如凯  陶士振
作者单位:1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京,100083;中国石油天然气股份有限公司油气储层重点实验室,北京,100083
2. 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京,100083
基金项目:中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技信息部项目“岩性地层油气藏形成理论与勘探实践”(编号04050109)
摘    要:大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲及湖盆中心砂体已成为中国陆相盆地岩性油气藏最重要的勘探目标。通过对现代典型湖盆浅水三角洲的深入分析,结合我国中、新生代大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲及湖盆中心砂体的地质研究,取得以下主要进展与认识:①在分析浅水三角洲形成地质背景的基础上,按照供源体系、湖水深度及三角洲前缘倾斜坡度将湖盆三角洲分为9种成因结构类型;②建立了毯式浅水曲流河三角洲的沉积模式,指出末端分流河道及末端决口扇是浅水曲流河三角洲的典型微相类型;③分析了浅水三角洲砂体大面积分布的形成条件,指出敞流湖盆是湖盆中心浅水三角洲砂体发育的重要条件,敞流通道对湖盆中心砂体分布有重要控制作用;④湖盆中心发育河流、三角洲、湖流及密度底流砂体等牵引流成因砂体,也发育洪水浊积扇及滑塌浊积扇等重力流成因砂体;⑤大型浅水三角洲体系三级层序界面对岩性(成岩)圈闭的发育有重要控制作用,三角洲平原带层序界面上覆叠置砂体富集岩性油气藏,勘探潜力大。本文研究成果希对坳陷湖盆沉积学研究及岩性油气藏勘探能有推动作用。

关 键 词:浅水三角洲    湖盆中心    坳陷盆地    敞流湖盆    鄂尔多斯盆地    鄱阳湖    岩性圈闭
收稿时间:2007/9/27 0:00:00
修稿时间:2007年9月27日

Formation and Distribution of Shallow-water Deltas and Central-basin Sandbodies in Large Open Depression Lake Basins
ZOU Caineng,ZHAO Wenzhi,ZHANG Xingyang,LUO Ping,WANG Lan,LIU Liuhong,XUE Shuhao,YUAN Xuanjun,ZHU Rukai,TAO Shizheng.Formation and Distribution of Shallow-water Deltas and Central-basin Sandbodies in Large Open Depression Lake Basins[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(6):813-825.
Authors:ZOU Caineng  ZHAO Wenzhi  ZHANG Xingyang  LUO Ping  WANG Lan  LIU Liuhong  XUE Shuhao  YUAN Xuanjun  ZHU Rukai  TAO Shizheng
Abstract:Shallow-water deltas and central-basin sandbodies in large lacustrine depression basins have become the most important target for the stratigraphic reservoirs exploration in China.Based on the analysis of typical lacustrine shallow-water deltas in modern lakes and the study of lacustrine shallow-water deltas and central-basin sandbodies in the Meso-Cenozoic large lacustrine depression basins in China,several recognizes have been obtained as following:(1)Based on the analysis of the geological settings for the shallow-water deltas formation,nine types of lacustrine deltas have been classified according to the feeder systems,lake depth and delta-front gradient;(2)Depositional model for shoal-water profile river deltas has been established which presents the terminal distributary channels and terminal splays;(3)Controls for the large-area shallow-water deltaic sandbodies have been analyzed and the distribution model of shallow-water deltas and central-basin sands in open lacustrine depression basin has been established,and it is proposed that open lake is the most important basis for the development of large-scale shallow-water deltas in the basin center and outflow channels control the alignment of the central-basin sandbodies;(4)Fluvial,delta,lake current and bottom density current are the main traction currents that formed sandbodies in the basin center,and flooding turbidite fans and slumping turbidite fans are the main sedimentary gravity deposits;(5)The third-order sequence boundaries in the large shallow-water deltas have great influence on the distribution of lithological or diagenetic traps,and superimposed sandbodies on the sequence boundary are abundant of lithological reservoirs in the delta plains which show the great potential for oil and gas exploration.These understandings are helpful to the development of lacustrine sedimentology and the exploration of stratigraphic reservoirs in large lacustrine depression basins.
Keywords:shallow-water deltas  lake center  depression basin  open lake  Ordos Basin  Poyang Lake  lithological traps
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