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南海北缘钻探选址:滨海断裂带大型海洋地质灾害研究
引用本文:杨晓东,张锦昌,邱强,林间.南海北缘钻探选址:滨海断裂带大型海洋地质灾害研究[J].地质学报,2022,96(8):2853-2865.
作者姓名:杨晓东  张锦昌  邱强  林间
作者单位:1) 中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室,中国科学院南海海洋研究所,南海生态环境工程创新研究院,广东广州,511458; 2) 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州,511458; 3) 中国- 巴基斯坦地球科学研究中心,中国科学院- 巴基斯坦高等教育委员会,伊斯兰堡,45320,巴基斯坦;1) 中国科学院边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室,中国科学院南海海洋研究所,南海生态环境工程创新研究院,广东广州,511458; 2) 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州,511458; 3) 中国- 巴基斯坦地球科学研究中心,中国科学院- 巴基斯坦高等教育委员会,伊斯兰堡,45320,巴基斯坦; 4) 南方科技大学海洋科学与工程系,广东深圳,518055; 5) 伍兹霍尔海洋研究所,马萨诸塞州伍兹霍尔,02543,美国
基金项目:本文为广东省自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(编号2021B1515020098)、南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(编号GML2019ZD0205)、国家自然科学基金项目(编号42076059,41976066, 41976064, 41776058, 41890813)、中国科学院项目(编号133244KYSB20180029, 131551KYSB2020002, Y4SL021001, QYZDY- SSW- DQC005, ISEE2021PY03, E1SL3C02)、广东省重点领域研发计划项目(编号2020B1111520001)和自然资源部深地科学与探测技术实验室开放课题(编号Sinoprobe Lab 202227)联合资助的成果。
摘    要:滨海断裂带是南海北缘的一条大型活动断裂带,其位置靠近我国华南沿海地区。滨海断裂带全长超过1200 km,包括西段(北部湾- 阳江),中段(珠江口)和东段(粤东- 福建)。其西段和东段历史上至少曾发生过4次大地震(M7+),中段目前是一个大地震空区。在经济高速发展和人口高度密集的今天,如果滨海断裂带再次发生大地震并触发海啸,必将对我国华南沿海地区造成灾难性破坏。由于缺乏完整的历史地震记录和针对古地震的钻孔沉积研究,目前尚不清楚滨海断裂带大地震的准确次数、空间分布和复发周期,以及中段大地震空区的主要原因(断层蠕滑或大地震周期较长),因此无法有效评估该断裂带的大地震破裂分段和灾害风险。本研究总结了滨海断裂带的构造特征、重点描述了3次历史大地震及引发的灾害影响,和国际上针对海底大地震的钻探研究经验。根据这些信息,本文建议在断裂带的西段、中断和东段进行大洋钻探,获取穿过断层带的关键沉积和岩石样品,利用沉积古地震方法重建滨海断裂带东段和西段的大地震历史和复发周期,研究断层带的岩石物理性质,揭示滨海断裂中段大地震空区的成因,解析断层分段式破裂的原因,为我国海洋防灾减灾提供重要的科学依据。

关 键 词:滨海断裂带  大洋钻探  断裂结构  钻孔沉积  地震  海啸
收稿时间:2022/6/20 0:00:00
修稿时间:2022/7/12 0:00:00

Oceanic drilling into the northern margin of the South China Sea: investigating the great marine geohazards along the Littoral Fault Zone
Yang Xiaodong,Zhang Jinchang,Qiu Qiang,Lin Jian.Oceanic drilling into the northern margin of the South China Sea: investigating the great marine geohazards along the Littoral Fault Zone[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2022,96(8):2853-2865.
Authors:Yang Xiaodong  Zhang Jinchang  Qiu Qiang  Lin Jian
Abstract:The Littoral Fault Zone is a major active fault zone in the northern margin of the South China Sea, close to the coastal region of the southern China. The Littoral Fault Zone is more than 1200 km long, consisting of the west segment (Beibu Bay- Yangjiang), the middle segment (Pearl River Mouth), and the east segment (Yuedong- Fujian). At least 4 large earthquakes (magnitude>7) have occurred inthe west and east segments, while its middle segment was exempt. As the economy is rapidly growing and the present day population density is high, the littoral fault will cause enormous destruction to the coastal area of southern China if it generates great earthquakes and the ensuing tsunamis in future. Due to lack of complete historical earthquake records and oceanic drilling study on the paleoseismicity, there is lack of clarity on the precise quantity, spatial distribution and recurrence period of great earthquakes along the Littoral Fault Zone, and the nature of great earthquake quiet zone (aseismic slip or longer recurrence period of great earthquakes), which in turn leads to poor understanding of earthquake mechanism and associated risk of marine geohazards. This study summarizes the structural characteristics, describes the hazard influences of 3 large earthquakes along the Littoral Fault Zone, and introduces the international oceanic drilling studies on great earthquakes. Based on this information, we propose to carry out oceanic drilling into the west, middle and east segment of the Littoral Fault Zone, recover essential sediments and rocks through the fault zone, reconstruct the history and recurrence period of paleoseismicity along west and east parts of the Littoral Fault Zone, study the physical properties of fault zone rocks to identify the cause of earthquake quiet zone in the middle part of the Littoral Fault Zone, analyze the mechanism behavior of fault segments, finally providing critical scientific basis for the marine hazard preparedness and mitigation strategies.
Keywords:
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