| 赞比亚铜带省谦比希盆地含矿地层地球化学特征、物源属性及其成矿地质背景研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 卢宜冠,孙凯,覃鹏,何胜飞,张航,龚鹏辉,许康康,任军平,郭硕,涂家润.赞比亚铜带省谦比希盆地含矿地层地球化学特征、物源属性及其成矿地质背景研究[J].地质学报,2021,95(4):1082-1099. |
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| 作者姓名： | 卢宜冠 孙凯 覃鹏 何胜飞 张航 龚鹏辉 许康康 任军平 郭硕 涂家润 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心,天津,300170;中国地质调查局东部南部非洲地学合作研究中心,天津,300170;中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司,广西桂林,541004 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文为中国地质调查项目（编号DD20190439，1212011220910）和国家自然科学基金项目（编号42002110）联合资助成果。 |
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| 摘 要： | 中非铜钴成矿带是全球重要的铜资源产地和最大的钴资源产地,其中赞比亚成矿带内90％铜(钴)资源蕴含于赞比亚铜带省的沉积型矿床中.本文选取铜带省中部谦比希盆地内穆旺巴希铜矿、谦比希西铜矿和谦比希东南铜钴矿为研究对象,对矿床(体)赋矿层位开展岩相学、主微量元素、稀土元素研究,分析其物源区组成和构造环境,探讨铜钴成矿地质背景.岩相学特征表明,赋铜(钴)地层岩性主要为敏多拉组砂岩、细砂岩和基特韦组页岩、粉砂岩、板岩、石英岩等.稀土元素标准化配分曲线呈现轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦和铕负异常特征.成分变异指数(ICV)与化学蚀变指数(CIA)的研究表明源区未遭受强的沉积物再循环及化学风化作用,从穆旺巴希矿床、谦比希西矿体到谦比希东南矿体,含矿地层风化作用逐渐减弱,沉积环境由温暖、湿润气候向寒冷、干燥气候转变.岩石地球化学判别图解显示含矿地层物源主要为长英质沉积岩和火成岩,构造性质长期处在以被动大陆边缘为主,主动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧次之的环境中.其中含钴的基特韦组地层的物源中可能伴有少量镁铁质成分的加入,构造背景主要为大陆岛弧环境.综合区域成矿年代学研究,中非成矿带铜钴成矿具有多期性,地层物源属性、沉积成岩期的氧化-还原环境以及区域构造事件最终导致了赞比亚成矿带铜钴成矿的差异性.
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| 关 键 词： | 赞比亚成矿带 谦比希盆地 含矿地层 地球化学 物源属性 成矿地质背景 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/7/18 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/9/11 0:00:00 |
Geochemical characteristics, nature of provenance and metallogenic geological settings of the ore- bearing strata in the Chambishi basin, copper belt province, Zambia |
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| Lu Yiguan,Sun Kai,Qin Peng,He Shengfei,Zhang Hang,Gong Penghui,Xu Kangkang,Ren Junping,Guo Shuo,Tu Jiarun.Geochemical characteristics, nature of provenance and metallogenic geological settings of the ore- bearing strata in the Chambishi basin, copper belt province, Zambia[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2021,95(4):1082-1099. |
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| Authors: | Lu Yiguan Sun Kai Qin Peng He Shengfei Zhang Hang Gong Penghui Xu Kangkang Ren Junping Guo Shuo Tu Jiarun |
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| Abstract: | The Central African Copper belt is a key copper production area and the largest cobalt production area in the world. The Zambian Copper belt is part of the Central African Copper belt and more than 90% Cu resources are contained in the sedimentary deposits from the Copper belt province of Zambia. This study focuses on Mwambashi Cu deposit, Chambishi West Cu orebody, and Chambishi Southeast Cu- Co orebody in the Chambishi basin in the middle of the Copper belt province of Zambia, conducting researches on petrography, major and trace elements, rare earth elements for the ore- bearing strata. It aims to analyze the provenance and tectonic settings, and investigate Cu- Co metallogenic geological background. The petrography research shows that the main ore- bearing strata include sandstones in the Mindola Formation, and shales, fine- grain sandstones, slates, quartzite, etc. in the Kitwe Formation. The REE patterns are characterized by LREE enrichment and flat HREE features, showing negative Eu anomalies. ICV (Index of Compositional Variability) and CIA (chemical index of alteration) values indicate the sedimentary source does not experience strong sediment recycling and chemical weathering. For the Mwambashi deposit, Chambishi West orebody, Chambishi Southeast orebody, there is a trend from the warm and wet environment to the cold and dry environment. Lithogeochemical plots indicate the provenance for the ore- bearing strata are mainly felsic sedimentary and igneous rocks, which dominantly form in the tectonic settings of passive margin, followed by the settings of positive marginand continental island arc. It is likely the ore- bearing Kitwe Formation is mainly formed in the continental arc setting with added mafic components.Based on the regional geochronology of the Cu- Co sulfides, it is suggested that there are multi- stages for the Cu- Co mineralization in the Central Africa Copper belt. The strata provenance, redox condition in the diagenetic stage, and regional tectonic events finally result in Cu- Co metallogenic differences in the Zambian Copper belt. |
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| Keywords: | Zambian copper belt Chambishi basin ore- bearing strata geochemistry nature of provenance metallogenic geological setting |
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