SCS-CN and GIS-based approach for identifying potential water harvesting sites in the Kali Watershed,Mahi River Basin,India |
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| Authors: | D Ramakrishnan A Bandyopadhyay K N Kusuma |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Earth Sciences,Indian Institute of Technology (IIT),Powai, Mumbai,India |
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| Abstract: | The Kali sub-watershed is situated in the semi-arid region of Gujarat, India and forms a part of the Mahi River Watershed.
This watershed receives an average annual rainfall of 900mm mainly between July and September. Due to high runoff potential,
evapo-transpiration and poor infiltration, drought like situation prevails in this area from December to June almost every
year. In this paper, augmentation of water resource is proposed by construction of runoff harvesting structures like check
dam, percolation pond, farm pond, well and subsurface dyke. The site suitability for different water harvesting structures
is determined by considering spatially varying parameters like runoff potential, slope, fracture pattern and micro-watershed
area. GIS is utilised as a tool to store, analyse and integrate spatial and attribute information pertaining to runoff, slope,
drainage and fracture. The runoff derived by SCS-CN method is a function of runoff potential which can be expressed in terms
of runoff coefficient (ratio between the runoff and rainfall) which can be classified into three classes, viz., high (>40%),
moderate (20–40%) and low (<20%). In addition to IMSD, FAO specifications for water harvesting/recharging structures, parameters
such as effective storage, rock mass permeability are herein considered to augment effective storage. Using the overlay and
decision tree concepts in GIS, potential water harvesting sites are identified. The derived sites are field investigated for
suitability and implementation. In all, the accuracy of the site selection at implementation level varies from 80–100%. |
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