On the measurement of the surface energy budget over a land surface during the summer monsoon |
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| Authors: | G S Bhat S C Arunchandra |
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| Institution: | (1) Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India |
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| Abstract: | The measurement of surface energy balance over a land surface in an open area in Bangalore is reported. Measurements of all
variables needed to calculate the surface energy balance on time scales longer than a week are made. Components of radiative
fluxes are measured while sensible and latent heat fluxes are based on the bulk method using measurements made at two levels
on a micrometeorological tower of 10m height. The bulk flux formulation is verified by comparing its fluxes with direct fluxes
using sonic anemometer data sampled at 10Hz. Soil temperature is measured at 4 depths. Data have been continuously collected
for over 6 months covering pre-monsoon and monsoon periods during the year 2006. The study first addresses the issue of getting
the fluxes accurately. It is shown that water vapour measurements are the most crucial. A bias of 0.25% in relative humidity,
which is well above the normal accuracy assumed by the manufacturers but achievable in the field using a combination of laboratory
calibration and field intercomparisons, results in about 20W m−2 change in the latent heat flux on the seasonal time scale. When seen on the seasonal time scale, the net longwave radiation
is the largest energy loss term at the experimental site. The seasonal variation in the energy sink term is small compared
to that in the energy source term. |
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| Keywords: | Surface fluxes energy budget land experiment summer monsoon atmospheric sciences climate experiments |
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