| 程潮铁矿西区地表塌陷成因分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 邓洋洋,陈从新,夏开宗,郑先伟.程潮铁矿西区地表塌陷成因分析[J].岩土力学,2019,40(2):743-758. |
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| 作者姓名： | 邓洋洋 陈从新 夏开宗 郑先伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室，湖北 武汉 430071；2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049；
3. 武汉钢铁集团程潮铁矿有限责任公司，湖北 鄂州 436051 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金青年基金（No. 41602325, No.11602284）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（No.11472293）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 以程潮铁矿西区为例，结合矿区的地层岩性和地下采矿情况，系统分析了金属矿山地下开采引起的地下水位变化及地表突发性塌陷的原因。研究表明：地表塌陷主要受地下采矿的影响；在一定的地质水文条件下，地表塌陷时采空区高度与采矿深度呈线型关系；地表变形大小和扩展范围与地层岩性息息相关；连续降雨能诱发地表塌陷。地表塌陷可被分为4个阶段：间歇性向上崩落阶段、裂缝连通及扩展阶段、疏干塌陷阶段及地表塌坑群形成阶段。采空区上部岩体垮落是非充分的，岩体空隙随时间的积累和岩体崩落动态变化，崩落呈间歇性、跳跃性地向上发展。岩体崩落的高度与地层岩性有关，岩体强度越小，完整性越差，每次崩落高度越小，总崩落高度越大。随着矿体的开采，漏斗状水位降形成。地下水位降低不仅与采空区的相对位置有关，还受岩性构造所控制。岩体裂隙的产生及发展贯通为地下水向下流动提供了有利通道，可溶岩不断被侵蚀，黏土及岩屑被地下水容冲刷带走易在地下形成隐伏空区。硬石膏整体变形破坏会造成地下水的突涌，在地下隐伏空区内产生瞬时高负压，诱发地表塌陷。
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| 关 键 词： | 地下开采 地表塌陷 地下水 地层岩性 硬石膏 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-10-09 |
Cause analysis of surface collapse in western area of Chengchao iron mine |
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| DENG Yang-yang,CHEN Cong-xin,XIA Kai-zong,ZHENG Xian-wei.Cause analysis of surface collapse in western area of Chengchao iron mine[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2019,40(2):743-758. |
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| Authors: | DENG Yang-yang CHEN Cong-xin XIA Kai-zong ZHENG Xian-wei |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geolechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Chengchao Iron Mine of Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Company, Ezhou, Hubei 436051, China |
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| Abstract: | In this study, Chengchao western iron mine is taken as a case to systematically analyze the variation of groundwater and the sudden collapse caused by underground mining by considering the lithology of rock mass and the influence of underground mining. The surface collapse is mainly controlled by underground mining. The relationship between goaf height and the mining depth is linear when the surface subsidence occurs under certain geological and hydrological conditions. The magnitude and extension range of surface deformation are closely related to lithology of strata around the goaf. Meanwhile, continuous rainfall may induce a sudden surface collapse. The surface collapse could be divided into 4 stages: intermittent upward caving stage, cracks connectivity and expansion stage, drainage collapse stage and formation stage of surface collapse pits group. Moreover, the collapse of rock mass above goaf is not sufficient. The accumulation of rock mass cracks with time and the dynamic change of rock mass collapse show intermittent and leaping upward development. The caving height of the overlying rock mass is related to lithology of strata. When rock mass strength decreases and rock mass integrity becomes poor, the single caving height becomes smaller while the total caving height becomes larger. A funnel-like water level drop gradually forms with the orebody exploitation. The decrease of groundwater level is not only related to the relative position of the goaf, but is controlled by the lithology and structure of surrounding rock. Furthermore, the formation and development of cracks in the rock mass provide favorable channels for the downward flow of groundwater. Soluble rocks are eroded continuously, clay and debris are washed away by groundwater, consequently, a hidden space is easily formed underground. The deformation and failure of the whole gypsum may cause the groundwater inrush which generates an instantaneous high negative pressure in the subsurface area, inducing the surface collapse. |
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| Keywords: | underground mining surface collapse groundwater lithology of strata anhydrite |
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