| 中国晚新生代构造-沉积-古气候事件的地质记录 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡健民,闫纪元,程瑜,刘晓波.中国晚新生代构造-沉积-古气候事件的地质记录[J].地质与资源,2022,31(3):303-330. |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡健民 闫纪元 程瑜 刘晓波 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国地质科学院 地质力学研究所, 北京 100081;
2. 自然资源部古地磁与古构造重建重点实验室, 北京 100081;
3. 中国地震应急搜救中心, 北京 100049;
4. 江苏省地质调查研究院, 江苏 南京 210049;
5. 长安大学 地球科学与资源学院, 陕西 西安 710054 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局地质调查项目"特殊地质地貌区填图试点"(DD20160060). |
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| 摘 要： | 中国区域地质调查工作的重点正在转向大面积覆盖区为主的平原、盆地、草原、荒漠等地区，向深部三维调查拓展.第四纪松散沉积层覆盖区区域地质调查的核心是揭示晚新生代地表过程、圈层相互关系，探讨人与自然的关系，服务于国家生态文明建设与生态环境保护.然而，覆盖区进行地质填图一个很大的难处是第四纪松散沉积层的侧向延伸往往很不稳定，要特别重视重要构造-沉积-古气候和古环境事件，如重要的不整合面、侵蚀面、火山岩层、湖相沉积，重要的海侵层、古气候沉积(如黄土、红土、黑土)，古文化层等.它们可以作为第四纪松散沉积层侧向对比的重要标志，并且往往具有等时性.东亚大陆构造演化及现代地貌特征主要受两大地球动力系统所控制，西部印度-欧亚板块碰撞、高原快速隆升并向北东方向扩展，东部太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲消减并在东亚大陆东缘形成复杂的沟-弧-盆系统.两大构造系统作用奠定了晚新生代以来中国地质演化背景，导致地球深部过程和地表环境发生重大变革.总体表现为青藏高原隆升、东部岩石圈伸展减薄，最终塑造了现今的宏观地貌形态和水系格局.本文针对第四纪松散沉积物覆盖层的这些特点，对中国晚新生代以来重要构造-沉积-古气候事件进行了梳理，总结了晚新生代这些重要事件的地质记录，特别是重要的沉积层、侵蚀面、不整合面、海侵层等，以便在覆盖区区域地质调查时对第四纪松散沉积层进行区域性对比.
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| 关 键 词： | 区域地质调查 覆盖区地质填图 晚新生代 构造-沉积-气候事件 水系演变 海侵 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-05-27 |
GEOLOGICAL RECORDS OF LATE CENOZOIC TECTONO-SEDIMENTARY-PALEOCLIMATIC EVENTS IN CHINA |
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| HU Jian-min,YAN Ji-yuan,CHENG Yu,LIU Xiao-bo.GEOLOGICAL RECORDS OF LATE CENOZOIC TECTONO-SEDIMENTARY-PALEOCLIMATIC EVENTS IN CHINA[J].Geology and Resources,2022,31(3):303-330. |
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| Authors: | HU Jian-min YAN Ji-yuan CHENG Yu LIU Xiao-bo |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China;
3. National Earthquake Response Support Service, Beijing 100049, China;
4. Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210018, China;
5. School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China |
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| Abstract: | The focus of China's regional geological survey is being shifted to the largely overburden areas such as plains, basins, grasslands and deserts, and to the deep three-dimensional survey as well. The regional geological survey in Quaternary loose sediment covered area aims to reveal the surface process and the relationship between different spheres in late Cenozoic, and to explore the relationship between man and nature. However, a great difficulty in geological mapping in the covered area is that the lateral extension of Quaternary loose sediments is commonly unstable. Special attention should be paid to significant tectonic, sedimentary, paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental events, such as unconformities, erosion surfaces, volcanic rocks, lacustrine deposits, transgressive layers, paleoclimatic deposits(loess, laterite, black soil, etc.) and paleocultural layers. They are often isochronous and can serve as important signs of lateral correlation of Quaternary loose sediments. The tectono-geomorphic evolution of East Asian continent are mainly controlled by two geodynamic systems:the Indian-Eurasian plate collision in the west, making rapid uplift and northeastward extension of the plateau, and the subduction of the eastern Pacific plate towards the Eurasian continent, forming a complex trench-arc-basin system on the eastern edge of the East Asian continent. The two tectonic systems have established the geological background of China since late Cenozoic, resulting in significant changes in the earth's deep process and surface environment. The overall performance is the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the extension and thinning of eastern lithosphere, which finally shaped the current landform and water system pattern. According to these characteristics of Quaternary loose sediment cover, this paper analyzes the important tectono-sedimentary-paleoclimatic events since late Cenozoic in China, and summarizes the geological records of these events, especially the important sedimentary layer, erosion surface, unconformities, transgressive layers, etc., so as to make a regional comparison of Quaternary loose sediment in the regional geological survey of the covered area. |
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| Keywords: | regional geological survey geological mapping of overburden area Late Cenozoic tectonic-sedimentary-climatic event water system evolution marine transgressive |
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