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| 全新世与上次间冰期气候差异的古土壤记录 | |
| 引用本文： | 郭正堂,刘东生.全新世与上次间冰期气候差异的古土壤记录[J].第四纪研究,1993,13(1):41-55,T000. |
| 作者姓名： | 郭正堂 刘东生 |
| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地质研究所，法国国立农学院土壤系，中国科学院地质研究所 |
| 基金项目： | 中国科学院留学经费择优支持基金 |
| 摘 要： | 目前国际上对全新世与上次间冰期的气候差异还存在着较大的争议。对西欧阿晴里姆黄土中全新世和上次间冰期古土壤（埃姆古土壤）,中国黄土中S0及S1的对比研究表明,埃姆古土壤和S1是典型的复合土壤,记载了相同的沉积-成壤事件序列,并与深海氧同位素记录有很好的一致性。第一成壤期与氧同位素阶段5e相对应,代表了典型的间冰期气候。西欧在该时期形成的土壤与全新世土壤的成壤过程基本相同,二者反映了类似的气候条件;而中国黄土中S0和S1则具很大差异,这表明我国北方最后两次间冰期的气候条件显著不同。青藏高原在中更新世末期以来的隆升对季风环流的影响是值得注意的原因之一。 |
| 关 键 词： | 全新世 上次间冰期 古土壤 微形态 |
PALEOSOLS AS EVIDENCE OF DIFFERENCE OF CLIMATES BETWEEN HOLOCENE AND THE LAST INTERGLACIAL |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2. Service des Sciences du Sol, INA-P. G. France; 3. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
| Abstract: | The paper deals with the difference of climates between Holocene and the Last Interglacial （marine oxygen isotopic stage 5e）, which has so far been a contentious point in paleoclimatic study. The Holocene soil and the Eemian paleosol in the famous Achenheim loess section （Alsace, France）, the So and S1 soils in Xifeng（Gansu, China） and Xl'an（Shaanxi, China） loess sections are comparatively studied, based on micromorphological, clay mineralogical and soil chemical analyses. At the three localities, the upper part of the Holocene profile was so strongly disturbed by human activities that it is impossible to identify the soil-forming stages related to the climatic fluctuations of Late Holocene. Only a monophased soil at the lower part was preserved, formed most probably during mid-Holocene. The Eemian soil and the S1 soil are polycyclic, having recorded two clearly-defined soilforming stages interrupted by a loess deposition stage and the first soil-forming stage shows much hotter condition. This succession of climatic events can be respectively correlated to the deep-sea oxygen isotope stage（OXY） 5e（soil-forming stage）, 5d（loess deposition） and 5a—b—c （soil-forming stage）. The climatic fluctuations within the OXY 5a—b—c were not recognized in the studied paleosols. In Achenheim, both the Holocene soil and the Last Interglacial （OXY 5e） soil are Orthic Luvisol（FAO system）. They are characterized by well developed Bt horizon containing a great amount of yellow-brown, limpid and microlaminated clay coatings with high birefringence, typical of Atlantic broadleaf forest soil（brun lessive）. The fact that the Eemian soil is more developed than the Holocene one can be explained as a function of time rather than warmth and/or moisture increases. This is in good agreement with the soils in Mississippi loess （Orthic Luvisol） as well as the marine isotopic record showing similar isotopic values. Corresponding to the OXY 5a—b—c, formed a Luvic Chernozem, indicating a cool steppe or steppe-forest environment. On the contrary, the Holocene S0 and the OXY 5e soil in S1 in China are greatly different. In Xifeng, S0 is a Calcic Chernozem, characterized by spongy microstructure, strong humification and absence of rubification, and formed under cool-temperate and semi-arid steppe environment; whereas the OXY 5e soil is a strongly-rubificated Luvic Kastanozem, comparable to the sub-tropical steppe and steppe-forest soils in North Africa and Mediterranean environments. In Xi'an, So is a Luvic Phaeozem whereas the OXY 5e soil is a strongly rubificated Chromic Luvisol. The OXY 5a—b—c soil can be classified as Calcic Kastanozem in Xifeng and Luvic phaeozem in Xi'an. Our results thus reveal that the climates of Holocene and Last Interglacial in China are greatly different whereas they are similar in West Europe and North America. This suggests that the climatic system since Late Pleistocene in Northern China had been affected by local agents. The uplift of Tibetan Plateau obstructing the south-west monsoon according to earlier studies, could be a possible explanation. |
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