| 植硅体与稳定同位素分析揭示的新疆汉代驻军多样的农作物利用策略 |
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| 引用本文： | 王伟,段阜涛,杨继帅,刘依,张曼,田小红,吴勇,任乐乐,安成邦.植硅体与稳定同位素分析揭示的新疆汉代驻军多样的农作物利用策略[J].第四纪研究,2020(2):428-440. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王伟 段阜涛 杨继帅 刘依 张曼 田小红 吴勇 任乐乐 安成邦 |
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| 作者单位： | 兰州大学资源环境学院;新疆维吾尔自治区文物考古研究所;兰州大学历史文化学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 科技部科技基础资源调查专项项目(2017FY101003);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41671189)共同资助. |
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| 摘 要： | 两汉时期西域戍边遗址驻军的农作物利用策略及生业模式研究对于深入了解中原王朝的屯垦政策以及西域汉代驻军的环境适应策略具有重要意义.目前,已有的西域屯垦戍边研究主要关注于军事屯田的起源、分布及影响等,而对两汉时期戍边遗址驻军的生业状况尤其是农作物组成及利用策略尚缺乏系统研究.本文通过对新疆(古代称为西域)石城子遗址土壤样品的植硅体分析与动物骨骼样品的稳定碳氮同位素研究,揭示了新疆汉代驻军多样的农作物利用策略及生业组成.研究发现黍(Panicum miliaceum)和青稞(Hordeum vulgare L.)应该是石城子遗址驻军主要的粮食作物,而房址地面土样中较高的C4植硅体含量可能表明驻军对植物资源,也许是谷物进行的脱壳处理.草拌泥土壤样品中发现的黍类稃壳遗存,则很好地揭示了农作物副产品在房址墙体建设中的重要作用.此外,羊(Ovis sp./Capra sp.)、牛(Bos sp.)等动物骨骼样品的稳定同位素分析更为我们展示了农作物栽培与家畜饲养之间的可能联系,具体表现为驻军可能利用黍类以及青稞作物秸秆对部分羊、牛等家养食草动物进行饲喂.而以黍与青稞为主的农业,以羊牛为主的畜牧业以及狩猎活动一道构成了石城子遗址驻军多样的生业组成.
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| 关 键 词： | 新疆 植硅体 稳定同位素 农作物利用策略 生业组成 |
THE DIVERSIFIED UTILIZATION OF CROPS BY XINJIANG HAN DYNASTY GARRISON REVEALED BY PHYTOLITH AND STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS |
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| Wang Wei,Duan Futao,Yang Jishuai,Liu Yi,Zhang Man,Tian Xiaohong,Wu Yong,Ren Lele,An Chengbang.THE DIVERSIFIED UTILIZATION OF CROPS BY XINJIANG HAN DYNASTY GARRISON REVEALED BY PHYTOLITH AND STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS[J].Quaternary Sciences,2020(2):428-440. |
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| Authors: | Wang Wei Duan Futao Yang Jishuai Liu Yi Zhang Man Tian Xiaohong Wu Yong Ren Lele An Chengbang |
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| Institution: | (Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System,Ministry of Education,College of Earth and.Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu;Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumchi 830011,Xinjiang;School of History and Culture,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu) |
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| Abstract: | The study of crop utilization strategy and subsistence pattern of the Han Dynasty garrison in Western Regions are of great significance for understanding the reclaimed-field policy of the Central Plains dynasty and the Western Regions garrison environmental adaptation strategy during the Han Dynasty deeply.At present,research of reclaiming land and guarding the border areas in Western Regions focus mainly on the origin,distribution and influence of military land store,Han Dynasty garrison subsistence strategy especially the utilization strategy of crops is still lacking of systematic study.Based on phytolith analysis of the soil sample and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope study of the animal bone samples from Shichengzi site(43°37′00″N,89°45′45″E;1770 m a.s.l.)in Xinjiang(which was called the Western Regions in ancient times),diverse crop utilization strategy and subsistence pattern are revealed.The study shows that common millet and naked barley should be the main crops in Shichengzi site and higher content of C4 phytolith from site ground soil samples is likely to suggest plant processing activities for example grain hulling.The common millet hull remains found in grass-mixed soil samples indicate well that crop by-products may contribute to the construction of the site walls.Besides,the stable isotope analysis of animal bone samples including sheep and cattle reveals possible association between crop cultivation and livestock breeding which could be indicated by feeding some sheep or cattle using the straws from millet as well as possible naked barley.Agriculture including common millet and naked barley,the animal husbandry based on sheep and cattle as well as hunting activities constitute diverse subsistence strategy for the garrison of the Shichengzi site. |
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| Keywords: | Xinjiang phytolith stable isotope the crop utilization strategy subsistence pattern |
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