| 关中地区的新石器古文化发展与古环境变化的关系 |
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| 引用本文： | 吕厚远,张健平.关中地区的新石器古文化发展与古环境变化的关系[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(6):1050-1060. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吕厚远 张健平 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所新生代地质与环境重点实验室,北京,100029 |
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| 基金项目： | "十一·五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目中华文明探源工程，中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目，国家自然科学基金项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 气候环境变化作为影响或制约古文化发展、演化的重要因素,虽然经常受到质疑,但依然被越来越多的考古工作者,包括一些古气候学者所接受。关中地区是我国古代文明重要的发源地之一,为探讨气候环境变化与古文化演化之间可能存在的联系提供了条件。本文对已有很好研究基础的渭南全新世黄土剖面的孢粉、植硅体、蜗牛化石及磁化率和粒度记录进行综合分析,研究得出该区全新世以来有3次突出的气候温暖湿润期（9000～7300aB.P.,6800～5500aB.P.和4500～4300aB.P.）和3次明显而短暂的寒冷干旱期（7300～6800aB.P.,5500～5000aB.P.和约4000aB.P.）。温暖湿润气候期与关中地区的老官台（8000～7000aB.P.）、仰韶（7000～5000aB.P.）、龙山（5000～4000aB.P.）等文化繁盛期几乎是同步的,而发生在7300～6800aB.P.,5500～5000aB.P.及4000aB.P.前后的寒冷干旱气候环境,不是简单的气候冷暖变化,而是影响了生物、水、大气等表生地球系统的气候变化事件,改变了该区的植被类型和生物群落的变迁,这3次气候变化事件时间上大致对应了老官台-仰韶-龙山-夏商文化交替的时间。然而,根据目前的气候记录及时间分辨率还难以判断更次一级的气候环境变化与各文化期不同文化类型变化之间的关系。对关中地区泉护遗址植硅体的分析显示,4500aB.P.以来水稻含量的增加与气候变干的趋势并不一致,推测可能与古人利用渭河水资源种植水稻有关。研究认为关中地区气候环境变化与文化发展之间的关系,有一定的规律可寻,但是由于目前对古气候-古环境变化的幅度、详细的考古文化性质的认识不足,以及时间分辨率和年代学的限制,还无法确切说明什么程度的气候环境变化对哪些文化类型通过什么机制产生了何种程度的影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 关中地区 新石器 古文化 古气候 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008-07-08 |
| 修稿时间： | 2008-08-27 |
NEOLITHIC CULTURAL EVOLUTION AND HOLOCENE CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE GUANZHONG BASIN,SHAANXI,CHINA |
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| Lü Hou-yuan,Zhang Jian-ping.NEOLITHIC CULTURAL EVOLUTION AND HOLOCENE CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE GUANZHONG BASIN,SHAANXI,CHINA[J].Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(6):1050-1060. |
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| Authors: | Lü Hou-yuan Zhang Jian-ping |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 |
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| Abstract: | Climatic change has been referred to a controlling factor for the change in Neolithic cultural succession in China.Although this claim was often criticized by some archaeologists,it has been widely accepted by more archaeologists including Quaternary scientists.The region of the Guanzhong Basin is one of the important civilization cradles in China.To investigate the effect of climatic changes on the cultural transition,the regional climate records from multiple proxies including pollen,phytoliths,land snail,grain size,and magnetic susceptibility of the well dated Weinan loess section are correlated with the Neolithic cultural records in the Guanzhong Basin.It has been documented that three major warmth-wet phases(9000～7300aB.P.,6800～5500aB.P.,and around 4500～4300aB.P.)and three cold-arid periods(7300～6800aB.P.,5500～5000aB.P.,4000aB.P.)were present during the whole Holocene based on the natural climate records of the Weinan section.Warmth-wet phases of climate amelioration appeared nearly synchronously with the Laoguantai(8000～7000aB.P.),Yangshao(7000～5000aB.P.),and Longshan(5000～4000aB.P.)cultures in the region,while cold-arid periods were coincided with major breaks in cultural evolution of the Guanzhong Basin,showing notably simultaneous in climate change and cultural development.Rice phytoliths increased after ca.4500aB.P.at the Quanhu site,Guanzhong Basin,which was inconsistent with drying climate since that time.We consider that it might be contributed to water utilization and management of ancient people on the floodplain of the Weihe River.However,more research are needed in the future to understand how and to what extent climate change can affect cultural development. |
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| Keywords: | Guanzhong Basin Neolithic cultural evolution climate change |
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