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| 趋磁细菌——生物地球化学作用的范例 | |
| 引用本文： | 贾蓉芬,彭先芝,高梅影,戴顺英.趋磁细菌——生物地球化学作用的范例[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(5):537-545. |
| 作者姓名： | 贾蓉芬 彭先芝 高梅影 戴顺英 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广州,510640 2. 中国科学院武汉病毒研究所,武汉,430071 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金，中国科学院所长基金，40073029，A05-020501-4，， |
| 摘 要： | 趋磁细菌(MB)属变形菌纲,为简单的原核细胞.它的最大特征是体内长有磁小体(MSs),沿地磁线运动.MSs由膜及其内部的无机矿物或铁素(含铁蛋白质)组成,无机矿物有铁的氧化物系列或铁的硫化物系列,它们是MB的代谢产物,也是最早发现的有机界面生物矿化作用的范例.文章在广泛调查的基础上,选择源于黄土剖面S0,S1和S5古土壤层中的MB为研究重点,对它们进行了形态与生理生化特征的观察与检测,生命元素和生命小分子脂肪酸的色质谱与能谱测定,并在没有添加营养和铁源的条件下,开展了MSs的生长特点及它对环境磁性影响的模拟实验.黄土中的MB以杆状为主,杆状的长与宽之比随温度的降低而变大.MSs中的矿物为铁的氧化物系列,在较低温度并有一定温度差(8～18℃)的情况下生长较好.菌体老化后菌膜发生自溶,MSs脱落到体外,可能成为沉积物中细粒磁性物质的重要组分.因此它们在古地磁与古气候记录上具有重要的意义.通过对不同级别生物分子的了解与测试,MSs的矿物成分与形成机理研究,以及MSs中磁铁矿的铁和氧同位素测定,可进一步认识MB在沉积物中的生物地球化学作用. |
| 关 键 词： | 趋磁细菌 磁小体 第四纪沉积物 生物地球化学作用 |
| 收稿时间： | 2003-05-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2003年5月20日 |
MAGNETOTACTIC BACTERIA:AN EXAMPLE OF BIOGEOCHEMISTRY |
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| Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640; Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan 430071 |
| Abstract: | Magnetotactic bacteria (MB) belongs to Mycetozoan class with simple prokaryotic cell. It's most prominent features are that magnetosomes (MSs) occur in it's cell and that it moves along geomagnetic line. MSs consist of membrane and inorganic minerals or ferritin (iron containing protein). The inorganic minerals are found to be either oxide iron series or sulfur iron series. They are metabolic products of MB and also as the best example of boundary organized biomineralization. In this paper, based on wide investigation, MB from S 0, S 1 and S 5 in the Chinese Loess Plateau was mainly researched on the morphometric and biochem physiological properties, the life elements and fatty acids , MSs features in different temperature, duration, culture medium. Their effect on environmental magnetism without adding nutrients and iron was also simulated. It was shown that the MBs are mainly rod shaped, and the index of length/width with decrease of temperature. The inorganic minerals of MSs belong to oxide iron series and grow better when the temperature is lower and variable (8～18℃). Besides magnetosomes, some transparent vesicles are also found as metabolic products in MB. MSs are possibly discharged out of cells due to the aging of MBs. So MSs may be a part of fine magnetic particles in the sediment and soil or paleosol. So they are important in the record of the paleomagnetism and paleoclimate. The biogeochemical role of MB on the sediments may be more recognized with the further study on MB generation and biochemistry process by obser ving and measuring different level life molecular, especial the large life molecular (such as DNA, RNA, Lysosome) of the bacteria, the mineral composition and formation mechanism, as well as 56 Fe/ 54 Fe and 18 O/ 16 O isotope compositions of MSs. |
| Keywords: | magnetotactic bacteria magnetosomes Quaternary sediment biogeochemistry |
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