| 中国东北平原西部荒漠化现状、成因及其治理途径研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 裘善文,张柏,王志春.中国东北平原西部荒漠化现状、成因及其治理途径研究[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(1):63-73. |
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| 作者姓名： | 裘善文 张柏 王志春 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春,130012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家计委国土司资助项目;国家科技攻关项目;国家科技攻关项目;吉林省科技厅科研项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 中国东北平原西部土地荒漠化,主要表现为土地沙漠化和土地盐碱化,它属于荒漠化的两种类型。东北 平原西部分布着科尔沁沙地和松嫩沙地,前者是全国五大沙漠之一。文章全面、系统地对该地区编制了 1∶1000000荒漠化图和量算出土地沙漠化面积。东北平原西部土地沙漠化面积为72280.6km2,占土地总面积的 22.2%。自20世纪50年代至80年代末,土地沙漠化面积迅速扩大,平均每年以1.5%～3.7%的速度递增;自9 年代以来,沙漠化呈现出逆转趋势,但就总体而言,沙漠化发展仍然大于逆转。东北平原西部土地盐碱化面积 33850.79km2,占土地总面积10.44%,主要分布在松嫩平原,面积为23329.19km2,占土地总面积15.2%,它是世 界上苏打盐碱化土壤的三大片之一,土地盐碱化每年以1.4%～2.5%速率正在发展。所以,该地区的土地荒漠化 不仅制约着当地农、牧业和农村经济的发展,影响周围和毗邻国家的生态环境安全,而且已危及当地人民的生存。 东北平原西部荒漠化的形成有自然因素和人为因素,前者有物源和气候变化等原因,后者有草原超载过牧、滥 垦、滥伐滥櫵、乱挖,河流上中游修建水库等原因,以及冻融作用的特殊原因,致使荒漠化形成和发展。文章总结了 该地区沙漠化正、逆过程的演变,并提出荒漠化的治理应根据荒漠化
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| 关 键 词： | 东北平原西部 荒漠化 现状与成因 治理途径 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-7410(2005)01-63-11 |
| 收稿时间： | 2004-01-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年1月20日 |
ANALYSES ON CURRENT SITUATION, CAUSES OF FORMATION, AND WAY OF MANAGEMENT OF DESERTIFICATION IN WESTERN NORTHEAST PLAIN OF CHINA |
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| Qiu Shanwen,Zhang Bai,Wang Zhichun.ANALYSES ON CURRENT SITUATION, CAUSES OF FORMATION, AND WAY OF MANAGEMENT OF DESERTIFICATION IN WESTERN NORTHEAST PLAIN OF CHINA[J].Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(1):63-73. |
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| Authors: | Qiu Shanwen Zhang Bai Wang Zhichun |
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| Institution: | Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012 |
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| Abstract: | Sandy desertification and soil salinization are two types of desertification in western Northeast Plain of China. Keerqin Desert and Songnen Desert both are located in western Northeast Plain of China, and the former is one of the five biggest deserts in China. The desertification map with the scale of 1 ∶1 000 000 of this region is present and the size of desertified area is calculated as 72 280.6km 2, which is 22.2% of the whole region. From 1950s to the end of 1980s, desertification area had increased at the average speed of 1.5%～3.7% every year. Since 1990s, desertification has taken the reverse trend in some area, but in the general, the forward process ofdesertification is still more severe than the reverse trend. The soil salinization area in western Northeast Plain is 33 850.79km 2, 10.44% of the whole region and chiefly in the Songnen Plain with an area of 23 329.19km 2, which is 15.2% of the whole region and is one of the three biggest sodic salinization lands in the world. The soil salinization is increasing at the speed of 1.4%～ 2.5% every year. The more and more serious desertification in western Northeast Plain is caused by both natural and human factors. The former include physical source, climatic changes, and the special freeze thawing effect in that region, etc., and the latter include overgrazing, overlumbering, over cultivation, building reservoirs at the upper and middle reaches of rivers, and others. Three characteristics that are frangibility, recoverability, and reversibility have been summarized for the desertification development of this region and various management models and techniques have been analyzed for different areas. |
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| Keywords: | western Northeast Plain of China desertification desert control |
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