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近45年中国扬沙和沙尘暴天气
引用本文:周自江.近45年中国扬沙和沙尘暴天气[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(1):9-17.
作者姓名:周自江
作者单位:国家气象中心,北京 100081
基金项目:国家气象中心攻关项目!(批准号:ZX9505)
摘    要:本文利用1954~1998年中国681个站的气象实测资料,分析了近45年我国扬沙和沙尘暴天气的时空分布特征.结果表明,我国西北、华北、东北和青藏高原地区是扬沙和沙尘暴的主要影响区,其中西北地区是多发区,并有两个明显的高频中心;扬沙和沙尘暴的季节变化大致可划分为3种类型;45年间除青海、内蒙古和新疆的小部分地区扬沙和沙尘暴日数呈增长趋势外,我国北方大部分地区扬沙和沙尘暴日数在减少.进一步分析表明,扬沙、沙尘暴日数与大风日数的年际振荡及多年变化趋势有一致性;70年代以后由大风日数减少所引起的扬沙、沙尘暴减少可能是气候准周期性变化的反映.

关 键 词:扬沙  沙尘暴  时空分布特征  东亚冬季风
收稿时间:2000-11-10
修稿时间:2000-11-15

BLOWING-SAND AND SANDSTORM IN CHINA IN RECENT 45 YEARS
Zhou Zijiang.BLOWING-SAND AND SANDSTORM IN CHINA IN RECENT 45 YEARS[J].Quaternary Sciences,2001,21(1):9-17.
Authors:Zhou Zijiang
Institution:National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081
Abstract:Based on the available high-quality surface-meteorological observation data from 681 stations in China from 1954 to 1998, investigation has been conducted for the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, especially for interdecadal change and long-term trend of blowing-sand and sandstorm (BSS) in China in recent 45 years. Among the 681 stations, there are 355 stations with 45 years record, and 628 stations with more than 40 years record. According to the analyses on number of BSS's days of these stations, the following results are noted: (1) Northwest China is BSS's high-incidence area with two evident centers. Further-more, North China, Northeast China and Tibetan Plateau are main areas influenced by BSS. There are a few blowing-sand events even in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River. (2) Judging by six typical representative stations, the seasonal variation of BSS can be expressed approximately by three patterns: 1) the highest frequency in spring; 2) the highest frequency in late winter and early spring; 3) multi-frequency in spring and summer. (3) In recent 45 years, the number of BSS's days is increased at a few stations in Qinghai, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, but decreased in the most northern parts of the country. This conclusion is drawn after F-testing, in which the credit a equals 0.05. (4) In the past 45 years, the interannual change and secular trend of BSS are consistent with the variations of high wind. The correlation coefficient between the number of BSS's days and the number of high-wind's days is generally higher than 0.5 at single station. The BSS's decreasing after 1970's caused by high-wind's decreasing may be an expression of climatic semi-periodic variation.
Keywords:blowing-sand  sandstorm  temporal and spatial distribution characteristics  East Asian winter monsoon
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