首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
     检索      

渭河流域先周-西周时代环境和水土资源退化及其社会影响
引用本文:黄春长,庞奖励,陈宝群,周群英,毛龙江,李平华.渭河流域先周-西周时代环境和水土资源退化及其社会影响[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(4):404-414.
作者姓名:黄春长  庞奖励  陈宝群  周群英  毛龙江  李平华
作者单位:陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心,西安,710062
基金项目:教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目,国家自然科学基金,陕西省科技攻关项目,01JDJAZ770014,40071006,2000KR07,,,
摘    要:采取多学科交叉的方法,研究了渭河流域先周-西周时代主要考古遗址的全新世黄土-古土壤剖面,获得了较高时间分辨率的磁化率、粒度成分、总有机碳和CaCO3含量等环境代用指标系列.结合该时期人类活动遗物分布的层位关系、考古断代、历史年代和大量14C年代数据,以及古文献有关环境演变和灾害的记载,形成了对该区域人类活动和环境演变过程的综合断代.各项指标综合反映了从3100aB.P.(1150B.C.)开始,渭河流域气候向着干旱化发展,降水量减少、蒸发量增大、植被退化、土壤生物活动减弱、土壤矿物次生风化强度降低、土壤颗粒变粗、水份减少、CaCO3淋溶减弱、土壤碱性增强,表现出由气候干旱化造成的土壤退化.对于当时旱作农业和游牧业来说,这则是水土资源的自然退化.这个时期发生了游牧民族大规模南移,也发生了周人历史上著名的"古公迁岐"、"文王迁丰"和"平王东迁"等事件.通过深入分析论证,认为环境恶化和水土资源退化是引起周人都邑迁移的主导因素,虽然游牧民族南侵占领也是重要的驱动力,但是引起游牧民族南下的根本原因,也同样是环境恶化和水草资源的退化.

关 键 词:干旱  社会影响  先周—西周时代  黄土高原
收稿时间:2002-08-20
修稿时间:2002年8月20日

LAND DEGRADATION AND ITS SOCIAL IMPACT IN THE WEIHE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN DURING THE PREDYNASTIC ZHOU-WESTERN ZHOU DYNASTY
Huang Chunchang,Pang Jiangli,Chen Baoqun,Zhou Qunying Mao Longjiang,Li Pinghua.LAND DEGRADATION AND ITS SOCIAL IMPACT IN THE WEIHE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN DURING THE PREDYNASTIC ZHOU-WESTERN ZHOU DYNASTY[J].Quaternary Sciences,2003,23(4):404-414.
Authors:Huang Chunchang  Pang Jiangli  Chen Baoqun  Zhou Qunying Mao Longjiang  Li Pinghua
Institution:Department of Geography,Research Center for Historical Environment,Socio Economic Development,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi′an 710062
Abstract:Several Holocene loess soil profiles at the archaeological sites of major political center,and later,the capital cities of the predynastic Zhou and Western Zhou Dynasty (ca. 3 350~ 2 721a B.P. /1400~771 B.C.) in the Weihe River drainage basin were studied multi disciplinarily. Higher resolution proxy climatic data of magnetic susceptibility,particle size distribution,total organic carbon and CaCO 3 were obtained from the profiles. Chronology of the data series was decided by a combination of archaeological dating,ancient literal records and 14 C dating. It provides insights into environmental change and its impact on the Zhou culture in this climatically sensitive zone. Both the analytical data and literal records indicate that increased climatic aridity from 3 100a B.P. (1150 B.C.) caused a considerable environmental deterioration and degradation of natural resources,especially water shortages,decreases in precipitation and deficits in soil moisture. These resulted in poor harvest and great famines,plagues,domestic upheavals of the Zhou people who subsisted on dry farming,and also the south migrations of the nomadic tribes from the northern steppe. In the meantime,the major political center,and later,the capital cities were relocated several times. Even though there could be some other political and military reasons,the persistent droughts may dynamically forced Zhou people to move from the upland plateau to the lowland riverbanks step by step through relocations,following a direction of increasing climatic humidity,soil moisture,water availability and biodiversity. The southward migration of the nomads from the steppe of the northern Loess Plateau and the Mongolia Plateau in response to the climatic aridity was another dynamic force that caused the relocations of the Zhou culture.
Keywords:climatic aridity  social impact  Predynastic Zhou  Western Zhou Dynasty  Loess Plateau
本文献已被 CNKI 维普 万方数据 等数据库收录!
点击此处可从《第四纪研究》浏览原始摘要信息
点击此处可从《第四纪研究》下载免费的PDF全文
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号