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用气象卫星遥感监测沙尘暴的方法和初步结果
引用本文:方宗义,张运刚,郑新江,曹云昌.用气象卫星遥感监测沙尘暴的方法和初步结果[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(1):48-55.
作者姓名:方宗义  张运刚  郑新江  曹云昌
作者单位:中国气象局国家卫星气象中心,北京 100081
摘    要:本文在简要介绍气象卫星探测特点的基础上,着重讨论了利用NOAA卫星、FY-1C卫星和GMS-5及FY-2B卫星上的星载扫描辐射仪监测沙尘暴的原理和方法.最后以2000年4月6~7日发生在我国内蒙古地区至华北一带的强沙尘暴为例,说明用这种手段不仅能监测到沙尘暴的发生,还能有效地监测其发展和演变,是监测和预警沙尘暴的重要手段和依据.

关 键 词:沙尘暴  气象卫星遥感  监测
收稿时间:2000-10-25
修稿时间:2000年10月25

THE METHOD FOR MONITORING DUST DEVIL USING SATELLITE AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Fang Zongyi, Zhang Yungang, Zheng Xinjiang ,Cao Yunchang.THE METHOD FOR MONITORING DUST DEVIL USING SATELLITE AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS[J].Quaternary Sciences,2001,21(1):48-55.
Authors:Fang Zongyi  Zhang Yungang  Zheng Xinjiang  Cao Yunchang
Institution:National satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081
Abstract:The northwestern China is well-known for its high frequency of dust devil, which may cause traffic jam, soil desertification, bury villages and even life damage. So it becomes one of the severe nature disasters, and affects the economy in the area. The radical radiative change in the atmosphere by the floating particles is because they not only affect the atmospheric backscattering to the solar short wave radiation, but also its emission. As multi-channel scanning radiometers (AVHRR and VISSR) are installed on polar-orbital (NOAA, FY-1C) and geostationary meteorological satellites (GMS, FY-2B), we can use the available observation data to identify the dust sources. Analysis on satellite images points out that in VIS and near IR channels, albedos of cloud, dust and open area distinguish from each other. The differences between channel 3 (short IR wave) and channel 4 (long IR wave) show that the value of dust area is similar to that of cloud, but much higher than that of clear sky. The distinction between dust and cloud area can be gotton by combination of short with long IR images. Case of April 6- 7, 2000 dust devil, happened in inner Mongolia, Hebei province and Beliing-Tianjin district was studied on the context of short interval l 000hPa wind field analysis, their bine-related satellite monitored dust area and surface observed area on weather maps, indicating that strong wind region (particularly > 20m/s), are consistence with satellite monitored dust area, as well as surface observed are4 in the location and development. It may be concluded that the present operational meteorological satellite can monitor the dust occurrence and its development effectively and serves well in forecasting, monitoring such disasters. However, quatitative determining dust air optical depth and aerosol contents need more sounding channels, as well as relation theory and observation of sand particle size.
Keywords:dust devil  remote sensing of meteorological satellite  monitor  
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