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| 山东日照两城镇龙山文化(4600~4000aB.P.)遗址出土木材的古气候意义 | |
| 引用本文： | 靳桂云,于海广,栾丰实,王春燕,A.P.Underhill,腰希申.山东日照两城镇龙山文化(4600~4000aB.P.)遗址出土木材的古气候意义[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(4):571-579. |
| 作者姓名： | 靳桂云 于海广 栾丰实 王春燕 A.P.Underhill 腰希申 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 山东大学历史文化学院,济南,250100 2. Department of Anthropology,the Field Museum,Chicago,Illinois 60605 3. 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京,100091 |
| 基金项目： | 教育部科技重点项目;中国-美国合作项目 |
| 摘 要： | 通过分析考古遗址中出土木材样品的树种,能够获得龙山文化前时期区域气候与植被环境的信息。文章采用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对山东日照两城镇遗址出土的部分木材样品进行树种鉴定。分析与研究的结果表明:龙山文化前期,两城镇聚落周围生长着麻栎、辽东桤木、杜梨和刚竹等树种,反映了比现在温暖湿润的气候状况,龙山文化的繁荣发展,可能与这种适宜的气候环境有关。研究结果还标志着,在我国东部地区,利用考古遗址中出土的木材等植物遗存,研究全新世时期高分辨率的气候演化过程及其与人类文化的关系,具有广泛的学术前景。 |
| 关 键 词： | 日照两城镇 龙山文化遗址 木材样品 植被环境 古气候 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-7410（2006）04-571-09 |
| 收稿时间： | 2006-01-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-04-13 |
CLIMATE SIGNIFICANCE OF WOOD SAMPLES FROM LIANGCHENGZHEN LONGSHAN CULTURE SITE (4600 ～ 4000aB. P. ) , RIZHAO, SHANDONG |
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| Jin Guiyun,Yu Haiguang,Luan Fengshi,Wang Chunyan,A.P.Underhill,Yao Xishen.CLIMATE SIGNIFICANCE OF WOOD SAMPLES FROM LIANGCHENGZHEN LONGSHAN CULTURE SITE (4600 ～ 4000aB. P. ) , RIZHAO, SHANDONG[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(4):571-579. | |
| Authors: | Jin Guiyun Yu Haiguang Luan Fengshi Wang Chunyan APUnderhill Yao Xishen |
| Institution: | 1,School of History and Culture, Shandong University, Jinan 250100; 2.Department of Anthropology, the Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605 ; 3. Timber Institute of Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100091 |
| Abstract: | The study area, Wulian hilly land, is characteristic of undulating hills and located on the SE edge of the peninsular area of Shandong. Rivers in SE Shandong, originated from the western mountains, are mostly short and rapidly flowing. Flooding is common in low-lying areas. It has a continental monsoon type of sub-humid, warm temperate climate with an annual precipitation of 650~800mm and temperature of about 11~12℃. There is a great difference in the seasonal distribution of rainfall. Summer rainfall can be torrential, and annual variability in precipitation can be great. From the phytogeographical point of view, the study area corresponds to the broadleaf-deciduous and mixed forest of the warm temperate zone. In such a zone, the potential natural vegetation should be composed of Quercus and Pinus, except in the coastal area with some salt-tolerant plants. Today, mainly due to human activities however, oak trees are present only in the mountainous areas above 500m. The hilly land and coastal plain are mainly used for cultivation. The Liangchengzhen Site is located on the SW side of the Beixiahe River, a few hundred meters from the confluence of that river with the larger Chaohe River. After systematic regional survey and excavations carried out by Chinese archaeologists from Shandong University and American archaeologists from Chicago Field Museum and Yale University, a clear ancient settlement hierarchy in the region was identified, with Liangchengzhen as the largest town of the hierarchy. By prospecting and test excavation, it is clear that the moat is composed of three circles made at different times, the outer, the later. Some waterlogged timber has been discovered in the inner and middle circles at the location of trench T021 and T050. No radiocarbon date has been available yet, but the contextual associations and the pottery assemblage indicate that the age is of the early and middle Longshan Culture (4600~4200cal.aB.P.). Some charcoal pieces were also been discovered from the sediment of the moat. Both waterlogged wood and charcoal specimens can provide information on plant communities used by residents.In the laboratory, every waterlogged wood and charcoal fragment was fractured manually and the anatomical features were observed under a dissecting microscope with reflected light. SEM was applied when characters observed by light microscope is not sufficient. Identifications were achieved by comparison of the material with a reference collection and modern wood atlases. Due to the poor preservation of carbonized archaeological material it is not always possible to identify to the species level.The following woody taxa were recovered from the Liangchengzhen Site: oak (Quercus acutissima), Seberian Alder (Alnus sibirica), Birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulaefolia), and hairy-bamboo (Phyllostachys sp.). Based on this list, we suggest that, during the Longshan Period climate of the the area around the Liangchengzhen Site might be warmer than that of the present day. The results also indicate that these landscape units were the probable source origin of the species used as construction materials and fuel. |
| Keywords: | Liangchengzhen archaeological site Longshan Culture wood analysis vegetation and climate |
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