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中国农田的温室气体排放
引用本文:李长生,肖向明,S.Frolking,B·Moore Ⅲ,W.Salas,邱建军,张宇,庄亚辉,王效科,戴昭华,刘纪远,秦小光,廖柏寒,R.Sass.中国农田的温室气体排放[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(5):493-503.
作者姓名:李长生  肖向明  S.Frolking  B·Moore Ⅲ  W.Salas  邱建军  张宇  庄亚辉  王效科  戴昭华  刘纪远  秦小光  廖柏寒  R.Sass
作者单位:1. 新罕布舍大学地球、海洋与空间研究所,Durham,NH 03824,美国
2. 中国农业科学院农业资源和农业区划研究所,北京,100081
3. 中国气象科学院农业气象研究所,北京,100081
4. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京,100085
5. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101
6. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029
7. 湖南农业大学农业环境科学学院,长沙,410128
8. 莱斯大学生命和进化科学系,Houston,Texas 77252-1892,美国
基金项目:美国国家科学基金会 (NSF),环境保护局 (EPA),宇航局 (NASA),中国国家自然科学基金会 (CNSF),中国农业科 学研究院 (CAAS)通过陆地生态系统研究计划 (TECO),地球观测系统研究计划 (EOS)、CNSF -3 9790 1 0 0
摘    要:中国是一个农业大国,拥有约1.33百万平方公里的农田。这些田地的种植、翻耕、施肥、灌溉等管理措施不仅长期改变着农田生态系统中的化学元素循环,而且给全球气候变化带来影响。农业生态系统对全球变化的影响主要是通过改变3种温室气体,即二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)在土壤-大气界面的交换而实现的。为了分析多种因素(如气候、土壤质地、农作物品种及各种农田经营管理措施等)对农业土壤释放CO22222222

关 键 词:中国农业  温室气体  DNDC  生物地球化学过程模型
收稿时间:2003-05-22
修稿时间:2003年5月22日

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM CROPLANDS OF CHINA
Abstract:China possesses cropland of 1.33 million km 2. Cultivation of the cropland not only altered the biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the agroecosystems but also affected global climate. The impacts of agroecosystems on global climate attribute to emissions of three greenhouse gases, namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Production of the three greenhouse gases in agricultural soils are regulated by many factors (e.g., climate, soil properties, crop type, cropping management etc.). A biogeochemical process model (DNDC) has been developed to predict dynamics of the complex system by integrating the interacting factors. DNDC simulates C and N cycles in agroecosystems as well quantifies fluxes of greenhouse gas emissions from cropland soils. Linked to a GIS databases, DNDC accomplished simulations of greenhouse gas emissions from Chinese croplands in 1990. The results indicated that annual emission rates were 95 Tg C, 9.2 Tg C and 1.3 Tg N for CO2, CH4 and N 2O, respectively. Converting the emissions to global warming potentials (GWP), we found N2O emission dominated the impact of Chinese cropland on global warming. The simulations with DNDC also found Chinese agriculture made a significant contribution to mitigation of global greenhouse gases in the time period of 1980~2000. During the 20 years, the CH4 emissions from Chinese rice paddies decreased from 12 to 7 Tg per year due to change in water management from continuous flooding to midseason drainage. It has been observed that the increase in atmospheric CH4 concentration has been slowed down since early 1980s. The modeled decrease in CH4emissions from Chinese rice paddies is consistent with the globally observed decrease in the atmospheric CH4 increase rates in the magnitude and time span. The most effective approach for mitigating CO2 emissions from the Chinese croplands is to change the current management of the crop residue. Increase in the rate of above ground crop residue incorporated in the soils after harvest from current 15% to 80% would reverse the Chinese cropland soil C pool from an atmospheric CO2 source (-95 Tg C/yr) to a sink (80 Tg C/yr). Mitigation of the cropland N2O emissions in China will rely on precision fertilzation. Over fertilizing is a common phenomenon in many agricultural regions in China. Determining fertilizer application rates based on modeled soil N mineralization rates will not only decrease N2O emissions but also elevating fertilizer use efficiency, maintain optimum yields, and substantially reduce N contamination of surface and ground water bodies in the country. For mitigating greenhouse gas emissions meanwhile obtaining sustainable yields, establishing biogeochemical model/database approaches is becoming an urgent task to improve agricultural management and policies in China.
Keywords:Chinese agriculture  greenhouse gas  DNDC  biogeochemical model
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