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| 红山文化牛河梁遗址形成的环境背景与人地关系研究 | |
| 引用本文： | 莫多闻,杨晓燕,王辉,李水城,郭大顺,朱达.红山文化牛河梁遗址形成的环境背景与人地关系研究[J].第四纪研究,2002,22(2):174-181. |
| 作者姓名： | 莫多闻 杨晓燕 王辉 李水城 郭大顺 朱达 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 北京大学城市与环境学系、教育部地表过程分析与模拟重点实验室,北京,100871 2. 北京大学考古学系,北京,100871 3. 辽宁省文物考古研究所,沈阳,110003 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金重点项目 (批准号 :4 9831 0 80 )，面上项目 (批准号 :4 9771 0 1 4 )，教育部博士点基金项目 (批准号 : 990 0 0 1 4 9) |
| 摘 要： | 本文对辽宁凌源市红山文化牛河梁遗址区的地形进行了考察,对建筑石料进行了鉴定,证明当时人类对地形和岩性的认识和利用已具有较高水平。对遗址文化层的动植物残体分析、孢粉分析及附近大凌河上游全新世沉积剖面的孢粉分析基础上,对牛河梁遗址形成的环境背景和红山文化晚期繁荣的原因及人地关系问题进行了分析探讨。 |
| 关 键 词： | 红山文化牛河梁遗址 建筑选址与选料 环境背景 人地关系 |
| 收稿时间： | 2001-12-18 |
| 修稿时间： | 2001年12月18 |
STUDY ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND OF NIUHELIANG SITE, HONGSHAN CULTURE, AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANCIENT MAN AND ENVIRONMENT |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Urban and Environment Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory Analyses and Modeling of the Process of Land Surface, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100871; 2. Department of Archaeology, Peking University, Beijing 100871; 3. Institute of Relic and Archaeology, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110003 |
| Abstract: | Niuheliang Site in Lingyuan, Liaoning Province dated from 6000 to 5500 aB.P.,is an archaeological site of Late Hongshan Culture. The site include several groups of big toms and a big sacrificial altar built by stones, a Goddess Temple, a very big stone built square platform(>4km2) and a very big pyramid built with earth and stones. Those remains of the site reflect some characteristics of early civilization. So the site is one of the most important evidences indicating the origin of ancient Chinese civilization. This site is located in the center area of Hongshan Culture region. The main route from North China to Northeast China during middle Holocene was passing through the area. The special structure of the sites was well designed according to the landscape and the stones for the buildings were well selected interms of lithology, which show that the ancient people had a higher level of recognition and utilize of landscape and lithology. In the analysis of the samples taken from cultural layers of the site, founded out lots of animal remnants(mainly chicken boons) and botanic remnants (mainly Quercus sp., Fraxinus sp.(probably manchurian ash), and other charred arboreal sp., some weeds of Chenopodium and some charred sclerotium of Cenococcumgeophilum ). sporo pollen analysis results of samples from cultural layers reveal foreststeppe vegetation. Artemisia and Gramineae are the dominant elements and there are also some arboreal elements such as Pinus, Betula, Quercus, Salix, Ulmus, Tilia and Alnus . The palaeoclimate in the site area during that time seems warmer and more humid than today. Pollen spectrum of the Holocene terrace section near the site recorded the change of the Holocene vegetation, which showed that the arboreal decreased during the time of Niuheliang Site, but the palaeoenvironment represented by vegetation was warmer and more humid than today. Late Hongshan Culture represented by Niuheliang Site was very advanced during that time. This paper discussed the reason based on its palaeoenvironment. |
| Keywords: | Niuheliang Site of Hongshan Culture design and material selection for building environment background man land relationship |
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