| 中国的小冰期气候及其与全球变化的关系 |
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| 引用本文： | 张德二.中国的小冰期气候及其与全球变化的关系[J].第四纪研究,1991,11(2):104-112. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张德二 |
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| 作者单位： | 国家气象局气象科学研究院 中国科学院西安黄土与第四纪地质开放研究实验室 |
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| 摘 要： | 根据由历史文献资料复原的气候序列和树木年轮、冰芯记录以及冰川、沙漠、湖泊资料,作者认为,我国的小冰期持续至19世纪90年代结束。这期间最寒冷的时段是17世纪20年代—90年代和19世纪20年代—90年代。文中指出小冰期时我国的寒潮、梅雨、尘暴、干旱灾害及降水变率的特点。将我国的资料与欧洲、日本的资料拼图,并与北美的资料对比,可以看出,我国小冰期的气候变化与全球变化一致,其中寒冷时段在欧洲的出现略早于东亚,而我国出现的若干个最寒冷的10年则同时在北美和欧洲出现。
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| 关 键 词： | 小冰期 天气气候特征 全球变化 |
THE LITTLE ICE AGE IN CHINA AND ITS CORRELATIONS WITH GLOBAL CHANGE |
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| Institution: | 1. Academy of Meteorological Science, State Meteorological Administration;
2. Xi'an Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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| Abstract: | The Little Ice Age is the coldest period since 10000 a B.P.in China.Based on the recon-structed temperature sequence,in the east of China and the ice core data,tree ring data fromthe west of China,and some evidences on glaciers,deserts and lakes,it is considered that theLittle Ice Age ended in 1890s in China in which the two main cold phases and the warmerphases were 1620s—1690s,1820s—1890s and 1520s—1550s,1720s—1780s respectively.During the Little Ice Age the cold wave activities appeared obviously different for the coldphases and warm phases not only on the magnitude and frequency but also on its routes.Forthe phases of cold climate,the cold waves taking the NW and W routes dominated,and yetE-route cold waves dominated in warm phases.The characteristics of Meiyu (plum rain) ac-tivity for the warm 18th century in the region of the lower reaches of Changjiang (Yangtze)River are similar to that of the modern.And the high frequency of dust storm in the Little IceAge means that the climate of cold-dry type dominated in North China for this period.TheLittle Ice Age was a time of more frequent extremes and climatic hazards especially,the cli-matic variability in the cold phases was more than that in the warm phases.The climatic variation of Little Ice Age in China was coordinated with global changes.In comparing with the data obtained for Europe and Japan,three cold phases and warmphases were identified,the cold phases in Europe seems occurred earlier than that in China,and certain cold phases in the west of China occurred ten years earlier than in the east.It isnoted that several decades with very serious cold winter,such as 1620s,1690s and 1870s,occur-red simultaneously in North America,Europe and China. |
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